महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-284, verse-1

पराशर उवाच ।
एष धर्मविधिस्तात गृहस्थस्य प्रकीर्तितः ।
तपोविधिं तु वक्ष्यामि तन्मे निगदतः शृणु ॥१॥

1. parāśara uvāca ,
eṣa dharmavidhistāta gṛhasthasya prakīrtitaḥ ,
tapovidhiṁ tu vakṣyāmi tanme nigadataḥ śṛṇu.

1. parāśaraḥ uvāca eṣaḥ dharmavidhiḥ tāta gṛhasthasya
prakīrtitaḥ tapovidhim tu vakṣyāmi tat me nigadataḥ śṛṇu

1. parāśaraḥ uvāca tāta eṣaḥ gṛhasthasya dharmavidhiḥ
prakīrtitaḥ tu tapovidhim vakṣyāmi tat me nigadataḥ śṛṇu

1. Parashara said: 'Dear son, this is the rule of natural law (dharma) that has been expounded for the householder. Now, I will speak about the practice of austerity (tapas); listen to me as I narrate it.'

Words meanings summery:

• पराशरः (parāśaraḥ) - Parashara

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• एषः (eṣaḥ) - this (masculine)

• धर्मविधिः (dharmavidhiḥ) - rule of conduct, ordinance of natural law

• तात (tāta) - dear son (dear one, father, son)

• गृहस्थस्य (gṛhasthasya) - of the householder

• प्रकीर्तितः (prakīrtitaḥ) - declared, expounded, praised

• तपोविधिम् (tapovidhim) - rule of asceticism, practice of austerity

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

• वक्ष्यामि (vakṣyāmi) - I will speak, I will say

• तत् (tat) - that (which I am narrating) (that, it)

• मे (me) - from me (from me, by me, to me)

• निगदतः (nigadataḥ) - as I narrate (from me speaking) (speaking, narrating (masculine genitive singular))

• शृणु (śṛṇu) - listen, hear

Words meanings and morphology

पराशरः (parāśaraḥ) - Parashara

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of parāśara

parāśara - name of a celebrated sage, father of Vyasa

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

perfect tense, 3rd person singular

Root: vac (class 2)

एषः (eṣaḥ) - this (masculine)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of etas

etas - this

Note: Refers to `dharmavidhiḥ`

धर्मविधिः (dharmavidhiḥ) - rule of conduct, ordinance of natural law

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dharmavidhi

dharmavidhi - rule of duty, law, regulation of natural law

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dharma+vidhi)

• dharma – natural law, constitution, duty, virtue, righteousness
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• vidhi – rule, injunction, method, ordinance
  noun (masculine)
  From `vi-dhā`
  Prefix: vi
  Root: dhā (class 3)

तात (tāta) - dear son (dear one, father, son)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of tāta

tāta - father, dear one, son

गृहस्थस्य (gṛhasthasya) - of the householder

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of gṛhastha

gṛhastha - householder, one who dwells in a house

Compound type : upapada-tatpuruṣa (gṛha+stha)

• gṛha – house, home
  noun (neuter)
• stha – standing, dwelling, being in
  adjective (masculine)
  agent noun derivative
  From root sthā + ka
  Root: sthā (class 1)

प्रकीर्तितः (prakīrtitaḥ) - declared, expounded, praised

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of prakīrtita

prakīrtita - declared, expounded, proclaimed, praised

Past Passive Participle

From pra-kīrt (to declare/praise) + kta

Prefix: pra

Root: kīrt (class 10)

Note: Modifies `dharmavidhiḥ`

तपोविधिम् (tapovidhim) - rule of asceticism, practice of austerity

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tapovidhi

tapovidhi - rule of austerity, method of performing tapas

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (tapas+vidhi)

• tapas – austerity, penance, heat
  noun (neuter)
  Root: tap (class 1)
• vidhi – rule, injunction, method, ordinance
  noun (masculine)
  From `vi-dhā`
  Prefix: vi
  Root: dhā (class 3)

Note: Object of `vakṣyāmi`

तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

(indeclinable)

वक्ष्यामि (vakṣyāmi) - I will speak, I will say

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, future indicative (lṛṭ) of vac

future tense, 1st person singular

Root: vac (class 2)

तत् (tat) - that (which I am narrating) (that, it)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, it, he, she

Note: Refers to the upcoming narration

मे (me) - from me (from me, by me, to me)

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of mad

mad - I, me

Note: Genitive used here with nigadataḥ

निगदतः (nigadataḥ) - as I narrate (from me speaking) (speaking, narrating (masculine genitive singular))

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of nigadat

nigadat - speaking, narrating

Present Active Participle

From ni-gad (to speak, tell)

Prefix: ni

Root: gad (class 1)

Note: Modifies 'me' (implied speaker)

शृणु (śṛṇu) - listen, hear

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of śru

imperative, 2nd person singular

Root: śru (class 5)