महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-284, verse-33

ततोऽस्य जायते तीव्रा वेदना तत्क्षयात्पुनः ।
बुधा येन प्रशंसन्ति मोक्षं सुखमनुत्तमम् ॥३३॥

33. tato'sya jāyate tīvrā vedanā tatkṣayātpunaḥ ,
budhā yena praśaṁsanti mokṣaṁ sukhamanuttamam.

33. tataḥ asya jāyate tīvrā vedanā tatkṣayāt punaḥ
budhāḥ yena praśaṃsanti mokṣam sukham anuttamam

33. tataḥ asya tatkṣayāt tīvrā vedanā jāyate punaḥ
yena budhāḥ anuttamam sukham mokṣam praśaṃsanti

33. From that (sensory indulgence), intense pain arises upon its cessation. Therefore, the wise (budhāḥ) praise liberation (mokṣa), which is the supreme happiness.

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - from that (sensory pleasure mentioned in the previous verse), therefore (from that, then, thereafter, therefore)

• अस्य (asya) - of this (pleasure/indulgence) (of this, his, to this)

• जायते (jāyate) - arises (is born, arises, happens)

• तीव्रा (tīvrā) - intense (intense, sharp, fierce, violent)

• वेदना (vedanā) - pain, suffering (pain, suffering, sensation, feeling)

• तत्क्षयात् (tatkṣayāt) - upon its cessation (from its destruction/cessation)

• पुनः (punaḥ) - moreover, therefore (connecting the ideas) (again, moreover, but, on the other hand)

• बुधाः (budhāḥ) - the wise ones (wise men, intelligent people)

• येन (yena) - because of which (reason), therefore (by which, on account of which, because)

• प्रशंसन्ति (praśaṁsanti) - they praise (they praise, they commend)

• मोक्षम् (mokṣam) - liberation (mokṣa) (liberation, release, freedom)

• सुखम् (sukham) - happiness (happiness, ease, pleasure)

• अनुत्तमम् (anuttamam) - supreme, unsurpassed (unsurpassed, supreme, excellent)

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - from that (sensory pleasure mentioned in the previous verse), therefore (from that, then, thereafter, therefore)

(indeclinable)

Note: adverb of place/time/cause

अस्य (asya) - of this (pleasure/indulgence) (of this, his, to this)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine/neuter, singular of idam

idam - this, he, she, it

Note: refers to the previously mentioned 'ratiḥ' or the sensory pleasure itself.

जायते (jāyate) - arises (is born, arises, happens)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of jāyate

Present Middle Indicative

Root jan (to be born), Class 4, Ātmanepada

Root: jan (class 4)

तीव्रा (tīvrā) - intense (intense, sharp, fierce, violent)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of tīvra

tīvra - intense, sharp, fierce, violent, keen

Note: agrees with vedanā

वेदना (vedanā) - pain, suffering (pain, suffering, sensation, feeling)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of vedanā

vedanā - pain, suffering, sensation, feeling, knowledge

derived from vid (to feel, to know)

Root: vid (class 6)

Note: subject of jāyate

तत्क्षयात् (tatkṣayāt) - upon its cessation (from its destruction/cessation)

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of tatkṣaya

tatkṣaya - its destruction/cessation

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (tad+kṣaya)

• tad – that, it
  pronoun (neuter)
• kṣaya – destruction, decay, end, loss
  noun (masculine)
  derived from kṣi (to destroy)
  Root: kṣi (class 1)

Note: refers to the cessation of pleasure.

पुनः (punaḥ) - moreover, therefore (connecting the ideas) (again, moreover, but, on the other hand)

(indeclinable)

Note: particle

बुधाः (budhāḥ) - the wise ones (wise men, intelligent people)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of budha

budha - wise, intelligent; wise man, learned person

derived from budh (to know)

Root: budh (class 1)

Note: subject of praśaṃsanti

येन (yena) - because of which (reason), therefore (by which, on account of which, because)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine/neuter, singular of yad

yad - which, what

Note: connects the reason for praising mokṣa with the preceding statement about pain.

प्रशंसन्ति (praśaṁsanti) - they praise (they praise, they commend)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of praśaṃsanti

Present Active Indicative

Root śaṃs (to praise) with upasarga pra-

Prefix: pra

Root: śaṃs (class 1)

मोक्षम् (mokṣam) - liberation (mokṣa) (liberation, release, freedom)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of mokṣa

mokṣa - liberation, release, freedom, salvation

derived from muc (to free, release)

Root: muc (class 6)

Note: object of praśaṃsanti

सुखम् (sukham) - happiness (happiness, ease, pleasure)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of sukha

sukha - happiness, ease, pleasure, joy

Note: appositive to mokṣam

अनुत्तमम् (anuttamam) - supreme, unsurpassed (unsurpassed, supreme, excellent)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of anuttama

anuttama - unsurpassed, supreme, excellent, best

a (negation) + uttama (best)

Compound type : nān-tatpuruṣa (a+uttama)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
• uttama – best, highest, supreme
  adjective (masculine)
  superlative of ud- (up)
  Prefix: ud

Note: agrees with sukham