महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-11, chapter-1, verse-9

वैशंपायन उवाच ।
तच्छ्रुत्वा करुणं वाक्यं पुत्रपौत्रवधार्दितः ।
पपात भुवि दुर्धर्षो वाताहत इव द्रुमः ॥९॥

9. vaiśaṁpāyana uvāca ,
tacchrutvā karuṇaṁ vākyaṁ putrapautravadhārditaḥ ,
papāta bhuvi durdharṣo vātāhata iva drumaḥ.

9. vaiśampāyanaḥ uvāca tat śrutvā karuṇam vākyam putrapautravadhārditaḥ
papāta bhuvi durdharṣaḥ vāta āhataḥ iva drumaḥ

9. vaiśampāyanaḥ uvāca.
tat karuṇam vākyam śrutvā putrapautravadhārditaḥ durdharṣaḥ (saḥ) bhuvi papāta,
vāta-āhataḥ drumaḥ iva.

9. Vaiśampāyana said: Having heard that pathetic statement, the unconquerable one, afflicted by the killing of his sons and grandsons, fell to the ground like a tree struck by the wind.

Words meanings summery:

• वैशम्पायनः (vaiśampāyanaḥ) - Vaiśampāyana

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• तत् (tat) - that

• श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard

• करुणम् (karuṇam) - pathetic, pitiable, mournful

• वाक्यम् (vākyam) - statement, speech, word

• पुत्रपौत्रवधार्दितः (putrapautravadhārditaḥ) - afflicted by the killing of sons and grandsons

• पपात (papāta) - fell down, fell

• भुवि (bhuvi) - on the ground, on the earth

• दुर्धर्षः (durdharṣaḥ) - unconquerable, unassailable, formidable

• वात (vāta) - wind

• आहतः (āhataḥ) - struck, smitten, injured

• इव (iva) - like, as, as if

• द्रुमः (drumaḥ) - tree

Words meanings and morphology

वैशम्पायनः (vaiśampāyanaḥ) - Vaiśampāyana

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vaiśampāyana

vaiśampāyana - Vaiśampāyana (name of a sage, a disciple of Vyāsa and narrator of the Mahābhārata)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

perfect active indicative

from root vac (irregular perfect formation)

Root: vac (class 2)

तत् (tat) - that

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, this, it

Note: Refers to the preceding statement/speech.

श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard

(indeclinable)

absolutive (gerund)

from root śru (to hear) with suffix -tvā

Root: śru (class 5)

Note: Gerund.

करुणम् (karuṇam) - pathetic, pitiable, mournful

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of karuṇa

karuṇa - pitiable, pathetic, sorrowful, compassionate

Note: Agrees with 'vākyam'.

वाक्यम् (vākyam) - statement, speech, word

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vākya

vākya - speech, statement, sentence, word

from root vac (to speak)

Root: vac

Note: Object of 'śrutvā'.

पुत्रपौत्रवधार्दितः (putrapautravadhārditaḥ) - afflicted by the killing of sons and grandsons

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of putrapautravadhārdita

putrapautravadhārdita - distressed by the slaying of sons and grandsons

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (putrapautra+vadha+ardita)

• putrapautra – sons and grandsons
  noun (masculine)
• vadha – killing, slaying, destruction
  noun (masculine)
  from root han (to strike, kill)
  Root: han
• ardita – afflicted, pained, distressed
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  from root ard (to hurt, pain)
  Root: ard (class 1)

Note: Agrees with the implied subject (Dhṛtarāṣṭra).

पपात (papāta) - fell down, fell

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of pat

perfect active indicative

from root pat (to fall)

Root: pat (class 1)

भुवि (bhuvi) - on the ground, on the earth

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of bhū

bhū - earth, ground, land, world

दुर्धर्षः (durdharṣaḥ) - unconquerable, unassailable, formidable

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of durdharṣa

durdharṣa - unassailable, unconquerable, formidable, irresistible

Gerundive (negative)

from prefix dur- (difficult) and root dhṛṣ (to dare, attack)

Compound type : prādi/bahuvrīhi (dur+dhṛṣ)

• dur – bad, difficult, hard, ill
  indeclinable
• dhṛṣ – to dare, to attack, to be bold
  root
  Root: dhṛṣ (class 5)

Note: Agrees with the implied subject (Dhṛtarāṣṭra).

वात (vāta) - wind

(noun)

masculine, singular of vāta

vāta - wind, air

Root: vā

Note: First part of the compound 'vātāhata'.

आहतः (āhataḥ) - struck, smitten, injured

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of āhata

āhata - struck, hit, smitten, wounded

Past Passive Participle

from root han (to strike, kill) with prefix ā-

Prefix: ā

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Used in a compound as 'struck by wind'.

इव (iva) - like, as, as if

(indeclinable)

Note: Particle of comparison.

द्रुमः (drumaḥ) - tree

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of druma

druma - tree

Note: Subject of the simile.