महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-11, chapter-1, verse-4

वैशंपायन उवाच ।
हते पुत्रशते दीनं छिन्नशाखमिव द्रुमम् ।
पुत्रशोकाभिसंतप्तं धृतराष्ट्रं महीपतिम् ॥४॥

4. vaiśaṁpāyana uvāca ,
hate putraśate dīnaṁ chinnaśākhamiva drumam ,
putraśokābhisaṁtaptaṁ dhṛtarāṣṭraṁ mahīpatim.

4. vaiśaṃpāyanaḥ uvāca hate putra-śate dīnam chinna-śākham
iva drumam putra-śoka-abhisantaptam dhṛtarāṣṭram mahīpatim

4. vaiśaṃpāyanaḥ uvāca putra-śate hate dīnam chinna-śākham
iva drumam putra-śoka-abhisantaptam mahīpatim dhṛtarāṣṭram

4. Vaiśampāyana said: (He approached) King Dhṛtarāṣṭra, who was miserable after his hundred sons had been killed, like a tree with its branches severed, and completely tormented by grief for his sons.

Words meanings summery:

• वैशंपायनः (vaiśaṁpāyanaḥ) - Vaiśampāyana (name of a sage, disciple of Vyasa)

• उवाच (uvāca) - he said, he spoke

• हते (hate) - after they were killed (killed, struck, destroyed)

• पुत्र-शते (putra-śate) - after his hundred sons (were killed) (on a hundred sons, in a hundred sons)

• दीनम् (dīnam) - miserable, wretched, dejected, feeble

• छिन्न-शाखम् (chinna-śākham) - having broken branches, with severed branches

• इव (iva) - like, as, as if

• द्रुमम् (drumam) - tree

• पुत्र-शोक-अभिसन्तप्तम् (putra-śoka-abhisantaptam) - tormented, severely afflicted by grief for sons

• धृतराष्ट्रम् (dhṛtarāṣṭram) - Dhṛtarāṣṭra (name of the blind king)

• महीपतिम् (mahīpatim) - king, lord of the earth

Words meanings and morphology

वैशंपायनः (vaiśaṁpāyanaḥ) - Vaiśampāyana (name of a sage, disciple of Vyasa)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vaiśaṃpāyana

vaiśaṁpāyana - Vaiśampāyana (a sage, disciple of Vyasa, who narrated the Mahabharata to Janamejaya)

उवाच (uvāca) - he said, he spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect past (lit) of vac

Root: vac (class 2)

हते (hate) - after they were killed (killed, struck, destroyed)

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, plural of hata

hata - killed, struck, destroyed

Past Passive Participle

root han + kta

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Locative absolute construction with putra-śate.

पुत्र-शते (putra-śate) - after his hundred sons (were killed) (on a hundred sons, in a hundred sons)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of putraśata

putraśata - a hundred sons

Compound type : dvigu (putra+śata)

• putra – son
  noun (masculine)
• śata – a hundred
  numeral (neuter)

Note: Locative absolute construction.

दीनम् (dīnam) - miserable, wretched, dejected, feeble

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dīna

dīna - miserable, wretched, dejected, feeble

Past Passive Participle

root dī + kta

Root: dī (class 4)

Note: Agrees with dhṛtarāṣṭram.

छिन्न-शाखम् (chinna-śākham) - having broken branches, with severed branches

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of chinnaśākha

chinnaśākha - having broken branches, with severed branches

Compound type : bahuvrihi (chinna+śākha)

• chinna – broken, severed (PPP of chid)
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  root chid + kta
  Root: chid (class 7)
• śākha – branch
  noun (feminine)

Note: Agrees with drumam.

इव (iva) - like, as, as if

(indeclinable)

द्रुमम् (drumam) - tree

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of druma

druma - tree

Note: Object of comparison.

पुत्र-शोक-अभिसन्तप्तम् (putra-śoka-abhisantaptam) - tormented, severely afflicted by grief for sons

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of putraśokābhisantapta

putraśokābhisantapta - tormented, severely afflicted by grief for sons

Compound type : tatpurusha (putraśoka+abhisantapta)

• putra – son
  noun (masculine)
• śoka – grief, sorrow
  noun (masculine)
  Root: śuc (class 1)
• abhisantapta – severely tormented, afflicted (PPP of santap with abhi)
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  abhi + sam + root tap + kta
  Prefixes: abhi+sam
  Root: tap (class 1)

Note: Agrees with dhṛtarāṣṭram.

धृतराष्ट्रम् (dhṛtarāṣṭram) - Dhṛtarāṣṭra (name of the blind king)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dhṛtarāṣṭra

dhṛtarāṣṭra - Dhṛtarāṣṭra (the blind king, father of the Kauravas)

Note: Object of the verb in the next verse.

महीपतिम् (mahīpatim) - king, lord of the earth

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of mahīpati

mahīpati - king, lord of the earth

Compound type : tatpurusha (mahī+pati)

• mahī – earth, land
  noun (feminine)
• pati – lord, master, husband
  noun (masculine)

Note: Agrees with dhṛtarāṣṭram.