महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-11, chapter-1, verse-11

किं नु बन्धुविहीनस्य जीवितेन ममाद्य वै ।
लूनपक्षस्य इव मे जराजीर्णस्य पक्षिणः ॥११॥

11. kiṁ nu bandhuvihīnasya jīvitena mamādya vai ,
lūnapakṣasya iva me jarājīrṇasya pakṣiṇaḥ.

11. kim nu bandhuvīhīnasya jīvitena mama adya
vai lūnapakṣasya iva me jarājīrṇasya pakṣiṇaḥ

11. bandhuvīhīnasya jarājīrṇasya lūnapakṣasya
pakṣiṇaḥ iva me adya jīvitena kim nu vai

11. What use is life to me today, now that I am deprived of my kinsmen? I am like a bird with clipped wings, worn out by old age.

Words meanings summery:

• किम् (kim) - Expresses the rhetorical question of purpose. (what?, why?, what for?)

• नु (nu) - Adds an interrogative or emphatic tone. (now, then, indeed, surely, (interrogative particle))

• बन्धुवीहीनस्य (bandhuvīhīnasya) - Refers to Dhritarashtra, who has lost all his relatives. (of one deprived of kinsmen, kinless)

• जीवितेन (jīvitena) - Indicates 'by means of life' or 'what use is there in life'. (by life, with life)

• मम (mama) - Possessive pronoun referring to Dhritarashtra. (my, of me)

• अद्य (adya) - Refers to the current state of despair. (today, now)

• वै (vai) - Emphasizes the statement. (indeed, truly, certainly, assuredly)

• लूनपक्षस्य (lūnapakṣasya) - Describes the helpless state of Dhritarashtra, like a bird unable to fly. (of one with clipped wings, whose wings are clipped)

• इव (iva) - Introduces a simile comparing Dhritarashtra to a bird. (like, as, as it were)

• मे (me) - Possessive pronoun referring to Dhritarashtra. (my, of me, to me)

• जराजीर्णस्य (jarājīrṇasya) - Describes the weakened state due to old age, fitting the comparison to an old bird. (of one worn out by old age, decrepit with age)

• पक्षिणः (pakṣiṇaḥ) - The creature used in the simile to express Dhritarashtra's current state. (of a bird)

Words meanings and morphology

किम् (kim) - Expresses the rhetorical question of purpose. (what?, why?, what for?)

(indeclinable)

Used here as an interrogative indeclinable (adverbial accusative of kim).

Note: Functions adverbially.

नु (nu) - Adds an interrogative or emphatic tone. (now, then, indeed, surely, (interrogative particle))

(indeclinable)

बन्धुवीहीनस्य (bandhuvīhīnasya) - Refers to Dhritarashtra, who has lost all his relatives. (of one deprived of kinsmen, kinless)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of bandhuvīhīna

bandhuvīhīna - deprived of kinsmen, kinless

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (bandhu+vihīna)

• bandhu – kinsman, relative, friend
  noun (masculine)
• vihīna – deprived of, devoid of, without
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root hā (to abandon, forsake) with upasarga vi.
  Prefix: vi
  Root: hā (class 3)

Note: Qualifies 'me' (my) and 'pakṣiṇaḥ' (bird).

जीवितेन (jīvitena) - Indicates 'by means of life' or 'what use is there in life'. (by life, with life)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of jīvita

jīvita - life, livelihood; alive (as PPP)

From root jīv (to live). Can be past passive participle. Here used as noun.

Root: jīv (class 1)

Note: Used in the idiom 'kim ... -ena' meaning 'what use is there in...'.

मम (mama) - Possessive pronoun referring to Dhritarashtra. (my, of me)

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of asmad

asmad - I, me

Genitive singular form of the first person pronoun 'asmad'.

Note: Corresponds to 'my' or 'for me'.

अद्य (adya) - Refers to the current state of despair. (today, now)

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverb of time.

वै (vai) - Emphasizes the statement. (indeed, truly, certainly, assuredly)

(indeclinable)

An emphatic particle.

लूनपक्षस्य (lūnapakṣasya) - Describes the helpless state of Dhritarashtra, like a bird unable to fly. (of one with clipped wings, whose wings are clipped)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of lūnapakṣa

lūnapakṣa - having clipped wings

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (lūna+pakṣa)

• lūna – clipped, cut, plucked, reaped
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root lū (to cut, clip) + kta suffix.
  Root: lū (class 9)
• pakṣa – wing, feather, side, party
  noun (masculine)

Note: Qualifies 'pakṣiṇaḥ'.

इव (iva) - Introduces a simile comparing Dhritarashtra to a bird. (like, as, as it were)

(indeclinable)

Particle used for comparison.

मे (me) - Possessive pronoun referring to Dhritarashtra. (my, of me, to me)

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of asmad

asmad - I, me

Genitive singular form of the first person pronoun 'asmad'. Enclitic form.

Note: This 'me' is governed by 'pakṣiṇaḥ', meaning 'of a bird like me'.

जराजीर्णस्य (jarājīrṇasya) - Describes the weakened state due to old age, fitting the comparison to an old bird. (of one worn out by old age, decrepit with age)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of jarājīrṇa

jarājīrṇa - worn out by old age, decrepit

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (jarā+jīrṇa)

• jarā – old age, decay, decrepitude
  noun (feminine)
• jīrṇa – worn out, decayed, decrepit, digested
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root jṝ (to wear out, decay) + kta suffix.
  Root: jṝ (class 9)

Note: Qualifies 'pakṣiṇaḥ'.

पक्षिणः (pakṣiṇaḥ) - The creature used in the simile to express Dhritarashtra's current state. (of a bird)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of pakṣin

pakṣin - bird, winged creature

Formed with suffix -in.

Note: The main noun in the simile, modified by 'lūnapakṣasya' and 'jarājīrṇasya'.