महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-11, chapter-1, verse-19

परिणामश्च वयसः सर्वबन्धुक्षयश्च मे ।
सुहृन्मित्रविनाशश्च दैवयोगादुपागतः ।
कोऽन्योऽस्ति दुःखिततरो मया लोके पुमानिह ॥१९॥

19. pariṇāmaśca vayasaḥ sarvabandhukṣayaśca me ,
suhṛnmitravināśaśca daivayogādupāgataḥ ,
ko'nyo'sti duḥkhitataro mayā loke pumāniha.

19. pariṇāmaḥ ca vayasaḥ sarvabandhukṣayaḥ
ca me suhṛnmitravināśaḥ ca
daivayogāt upāgataḥ kaḥ anyaḥ asti
duḥkhitataraḥ mayā loke pumān iha

19. vayasaḥ pariṇāmaḥ ca me sarvabandhukṣayaḥ
ca suhṛnmitravināśaḥ ca
daivayogāt upāgataḥ kaḥ anyaḥ pumān
iha loke mayā duḥkhitataraḥ asti

19. The decline of my age, the destruction of all my relatives, and the loss of my friends and allies – all these have come upon me by the decree of fate. What other man in this world is more miserable than I?

Words meanings summery:

• परिणामः (pariṇāmaḥ) - decline (of age) (change, transformation, result, conclusion, decline)

• च (ca) - and, also, moreover

• वयसः (vayasaḥ) - of my age (of age, of life)

• सर्वबन्धुक्षयः (sarvabandhukṣayaḥ) - destruction of all relatives

• च (ca) - and, also, moreover

• मे (me) - my, to me (referring to the speaker) (to me, my, for me)

• सुहृन्मित्रविनाशः (suhṛnmitravināśaḥ) - destruction of friends and allies

• च (ca) - and, also, moreover

• दैवयोगात् (daivayogāt) - by the decree of fate (by fate's conjunction, by destiny's influence)

• उपागतः (upāgataḥ) - has come upon me (has come, has arrived, has approached)

• कः (kaḥ) - who, what

• अन्यः (anyaḥ) - other, another

• अस्ति (asti) - is, exists

• दुःखिततरः (duḥkhitataraḥ) - more sorrowful, more miserable

• मया (mayā) - than me (used with comparative) (by me)

• लोके (loke) - in the world, in this realm

• पुमान् (pumān) - man, person, male

• इह (iha) - in this world (emphasizing the current existence) (here, in this world, in this case)

Words meanings and morphology

परिणामः (pariṇāmaḥ) - decline (of age) (change, transformation, result, conclusion, decline)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pariṇāma

pariṇāma - change, transformation, consequence, end, decline

From root `ṇam` (to bend) with upasarga `pari-`.

Prefix: pari

Root: ṇam (class 1)

Note: Subject of `upāgataḥ`.

च (ca) - and, also, moreover

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

वयसः (vayasaḥ) - of my age (of age, of life)

(noun)

Genitive, neuter, singular of vayas

vayas - age, life, youth, strength

Note: Possessive, related to `pariṇāmaḥ`.

सर्वबन्धुक्षयः (sarvabandhukṣayaḥ) - destruction of all relatives

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sarvabandhukṣaya

sarvabandhukṣaya - destruction/loss of all kinsmen/relatives

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (sarva+bandhu+kṣaya)

• sarva – all, every, whole
  adjective (masculine/feminine/neuter)
• bandhu – relative, kinsman, friend
  noun (masculine)
  Root: bandh (class 9)
• kṣaya – destruction, loss, decay, end
  noun (masculine)
  From root `kṣi` (to destroy).
  Root: kṣi (class 1)

Note: Subject of `upāgataḥ`.

च (ca) - and, also, moreover

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

मे (me) - my, to me (referring to the speaker) (to me, my, for me)

(pronoun)

singular of aham

aham - I

Enclitic form of the first person pronoun.

Note: Refers to the speaker.

सुहृन्मित्रविनाशः (suhṛnmitravināśaḥ) - destruction of friends and allies

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of suhṛnmitravināśa

suhṛnmitravināśa - destruction of friends and allies

Compound type : dvandva-tatpuruṣa (suhṛt+mitra+vināśa)

• suhṛt – friend, ally, well-wisher
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: su
  Root: hṛ (class 1)
• mitra – friend, companion, ally, sun
  noun (masculine/neuter)
• vināśa – destruction, loss, ruin, disappearance
  noun (masculine)
  From root `naś` (to perish) with upasarga `vi-`.
  Prefix: vi
  Root: naś (class 4)

Note: Subject of `upāgataḥ`.

च (ca) - and, also, moreover

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

दैवयोगात् (daivayogāt) - by the decree of fate (by fate's conjunction, by destiny's influence)

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of daivayoga

daivayoga - connection with destiny, influence of fate, divine conjunction

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (daiva+yoga)

• daiva – divine, celestial, relating to destiny/fate
  adjective/noun (neuter)
  Derived from `deva` (god).
• yoga – union, conjunction, application, effort, meditation, destiny
  noun (masculine)
  From root `yuj` (to join, to yoke).
  Root: yuj (class 7)

Note: Indicates cause or origin.

उपागतः (upāgataḥ) - has come upon me (has come, has arrived, has approached)

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of upāgata

upāgata - approached, arrived, obtained, come to pass

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root `gam` with upasargas `upa-` and `ā-`.

Prefixes: upa+ā

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Acts as the main verb.

कः (kaḥ) - who, what

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kim

kim - who, what, which

Interrogative pronoun.

Note: Subject of the question.

अन्यः (anyaḥ) - other, another

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of anya

anya - other, another, different

अस्ति (asti) - is, exists

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (lat) of as

Present active indicative

Third person singular present active.

Root: as (class 2)

दुःखिततरः (duḥkhitataraḥ) - more sorrowful, more miserable

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of duḥkhitatara

duḥkhitatara - more distressed, more sorrowful, more miserable

Comparative degree

Comparative form of `duḥkhita` (sorrowful).

मया (mayā) - than me (used with comparative) (by me)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, singular of aham

aham - I

लोके (loke) - in the world, in this realm

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of loka

loka - world, realm, people, common practice

पुमान् (pumān) - man, person, male

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pums

pums - man, male, person, male principle

इह (iha) - in this world (emphasizing the current existence) (here, in this world, in this case)

(indeclinable)

Adverb of place or time.