महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-11, chapter-1, verse-21

वैशंपायन उवाच ।
तस्य लालप्यमानस्य बहुशोकं विचिन्वतः ।
शोकापहं नरेन्द्रस्य संजयो वाक्यमब्रवीत् ॥२१॥

21. vaiśaṁpāyana uvāca ,
tasya lālapyamānasya bahuśokaṁ vicinvataḥ ,
śokāpahaṁ narendrasya saṁjayo vākyamabravīt.

21. vaiśaṃpāyanaḥ uvāca tasya lālapyamānasya bahuśokam
vicinvataḥ śokāpaham narendrasya saṃjayaḥ vākyam abravīt

21. vaiśaṃpāyanaḥ uvāca saṃjayaḥ lālapyamānasya bahuśokam
vicinvataḥ tasya narendrasya śokāpaham vākyam abravīt

21. Vaiśampāyana said: To that king, who was lamenting and deeply pondering his great sorrow, Saṃjaya spoke words that removed his grief.

Words meanings summery:

• वैशंपायनः (vaiśaṁpāyanaḥ) - Vaiśampāyana (name of a sage)

• उवाच (uvāca) - he said, he spoke

• तस्य (tasya) - to that (king) (his, of him, to him)

• लालप्यमानस्य (lālapyamānasya) - of him who was lamenting (of one lamenting, wailing, crying)

• बहुशोकम् (bahuśokam) - his great sorrow (much sorrow, great grief)

• विचिन्वतः (vicinvataḥ) - of him who was pondering (of one contemplating, reflecting, considering)

• शोकापहम् (śokāpaham) - that removed his grief (sorrow-removing, grief-alleviating)

• नरेन्द्रस्य (narendrasya) - of that king (Dhṛtarāṣṭra) (of the king, of the lord of men)

• संजयः (saṁjayaḥ) - Saṃjaya (name of Vyāsa's disciple)

• वाक्यम् (vākyam) - words, speech (word, speech, statement)

• अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - he spoke, he said

Words meanings and morphology

वैशंपायनः (vaiśaṁpāyanaḥ) - Vaiśampāyana (name of a sage)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vaiśaṃpāyana

vaiśaṁpāyana - Name of a sage, disciple of Vyāsa, narrator of the Mahābhārata

Patronymic from `Viśampāyana`.

Note: Subject of `uvāca`.

उवाच (uvāca) - he said, he spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect active indicative

Third person singular perfect active. Irregular root.

Root: vac (class 2)

तस्य (tasya) - to that (king) (his, of him, to him)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Modifies `lālapyamānasya`, `vicinvataḥ`, `narendrasya`.

लालप्यमानस्य (lālapyamānasya) - of him who was lamenting (of one lamenting, wailing, crying)

(participle)

Genitive, masculine, singular of lālapyamāna

lālapyamāna - lamenting, wailing, repeatedly crying

Intensive present middle participle

Derived from root `lap` (to speak, murmur) with intensive `lālapya` stem + `śānac` suffix.

Root: lap (class 1)

बहुशोकम् (bahuśokam) - his great sorrow (much sorrow, great grief)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of bahuśoka

bahuśoka - much sorrow, great grief

Tatpuruṣa compound `bahu` (much) + `śoka` (sorrow).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (bahu+śoka)

• bahu – much, many, abundant
  adjective (masculine/feminine/neuter)
• śoka – sorrow, grief, lamentation, anguish
  noun (masculine)
  From root `śuc` (to mourn).
  Root: śuc (class 1)

विचिन्वतः (vicinvataḥ) - of him who was pondering (of one contemplating, reflecting, considering)

(participle)

Genitive, masculine, singular of vicintayat

vicintayat - contemplating, pondering, reflecting, considering

Present Active Participle

Derived from root `cint` (to think) with upasarga `vi-` + `śatṛ` suffix.

Prefix: vi

Root: cint (class 10)

Note: Takes `bahuśokam` as object.

शोकापहम् (śokāpaham) - that removed his grief (sorrow-removing, grief-alleviating)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of śokāpaha

śokāpaha - removing sorrow, alleviating grief

Tatpuruṣa compound. Derived from `śoka` (sorrow) and `apaha` (removing, from root `hṛ` with `apa-` and `ac`).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (śoka+apaha)

• śoka – sorrow, grief, lamentation, anguish
  noun (masculine)
  From root `śuc` (to mourn).
  Root: śuc (class 1)
• apaha – removing, taking away, destroying
  adjective (masculine/feminine/neuter)
  Agent noun/adjective
  Derived from root `hṛ` (to carry, take) with upasarga `apa-` and suffix `ḍa` (ac).
  Prefix: apa
  Root: hṛ (class 1)

नरेन्द्रस्य (narendrasya) - of that king (Dhṛtarāṣṭra) (of the king, of the lord of men)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of narendra

narendra - king, monarch, lord of men

Tatpuruṣa compound `nara` (man) + `indra` (chief, lord).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nara+indra)

• nara – man, human being
  noun (masculine)
• indra – chief, lord, most excellent (often used as suffix in compounds)
  noun (masculine)

संजयः (saṁjayaḥ) - Saṃjaya (name of Vyāsa's disciple)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saṃjaya

saṁjaya - Name of the charioteer and minister of Dhṛtarāṣṭra, who narrates the Mahābhārata war to him.

From `sam-jī` (to conquer, be victorious).

Prefix: sam

Root: jī (class 1)

Note: Subject of `abravīt`.

वाक्यम् (vākyam) - words, speech (word, speech, statement)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vākya

vākya - speech, word, sentence, statement

From root `vac` (to speak).

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Object of `abravīt`.

अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - he spoke, he said

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of bru

Imperfect active indicative

Third person singular imperfect active. Root `bru` / `vac`.

Root: bru (class 2)