महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-10, chapter-5, verse-6

यथा ह्युच्चावचैर्वाक्यैः क्षिप्तचित्तो नियम्यते ।
तथैव सुहृदा शक्यो नशक्यस्त्ववसीदति ॥६॥

6. yathā hyuccāvacairvākyaiḥ kṣiptacitto niyamyate ,
tathaiva suhṛdā śakyo naśakyastvavasīdati.

6. yathā hi uccāvacaiḥ vākyaiḥ kṣiptacittaḥ niyamyate
tathā eva suhṛdā śakyaḥ na śakyaḥ tu avasīdati

6. hi yathā kṣiptacittaḥ uccāvacaiḥ vākyaiḥ niyamyate
tathā eva suhṛdā śakyaḥ tu na śakyaḥ avasīdati

6. Just as a distraught person (kṣiptacitta) is restrained by various words, in the same way, one who is capable [of being restrained] by a friend can be disciplined; but one who is not capable [of being restrained], however, succumbs.

Words meanings summery:

• यथा (yathā) - just as (as, just as, according to)

• हि (hi) - indeed (for, indeed, because)

• उच्चावचैः (uccāvacaiḥ) - various (various, high and low, different kinds of)

• वाक्यैः (vākyaiḥ) - by words (by words, by speeches, by statements)

• क्षिप्तचित्तः (kṣiptacittaḥ) - a distraught person (kṣiptacitta) (distraught-minded, agitated, confused)

• नियम्यते (niyamyate) - is restrained (is restrained, is controlled, is disciplined)

• तथा (tathā) - in the same way (so, thus, in that way)

• एव (eva) - indeed, just (only, indeed, just, certainly, verily)

• सुहृदा (suhṛdā) - by a friend (by a friend, by a good-hearted person)

• शक्यः (śakyaḥ) - one who is capable (of being restrained) (capable, possible, able to be done, to be controlled)

• न (na) - not (not, no, nor)

• शक्यः (śakyaḥ) - capable (i.e., not capable) (capable, possible, able to be done, to be controlled)

• तु (tu) - however (but, indeed, on the other hand, however)

• अवसीदति (avasīdati) - succumbs (sinks down, despairs, fails, succumbs, becomes dejected)

Words meanings and morphology

यथा (yathā) - just as (as, just as, according to)

(indeclinable)

हि (hi) - indeed (for, indeed, because)

(indeclinable)

Particle used for emphasis or explanation.

उच्चावचैः (uccāvacaiḥ) - various (various, high and low, different kinds of)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of uccāvaca

uccāvaca - various, high and low, different kinds of

From `ucca` (high) and `avaca` (low).

Compound type : dvandva (ucca+avaca)

• ucca – high, loud, elevated
  adjective (masculine)
• avaca – low, inferior
  adjective (masculine)
  From 'ava' (down) and 'ca' (an element, not 'and').
  Prefix: ava

Note: Qualifies `vākyaiḥ`.

वाक्यैः (vākyaiḥ) - by words (by words, by speeches, by statements)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, plural of vākya

vākya - word, speech, statement, sentence

From root √vac (to speak).

Root: vac (class 2)

क्षिप्तचित्तः (kṣiptacittaḥ) - a distraught person (kṣiptacitta) (distraught-minded, agitated, confused)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kṣiptacitta

kṣiptacitta - distraught-minded, agitated, confused, whose mind is distracted

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (kṣipta+citta)

• kṣipta – thrown, cast, agitated, disturbed
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root √kṣip (to throw, cast).
  Root: kṣip (class 6)
• citta – mind, thought, intellect
  noun (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root √cit (to perceive, think).
  Root: cit (class 1)

Note: Subject of `niyamyate`.

नियम्यते (niyamyate) - is restrained (is restrained, is controlled, is disciplined)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (laṭ) of yam

Present Tense, Passive Voice, 3rd Person, Singular

From root √yam (class 1) with prefix ni. Passive voice.

Prefix: ni

Root: yam (class 1)

तथा (tathā) - in the same way (so, thus, in that way)

(indeclinable)

Correlative to `yathā`.

एव (eva) - indeed, just (only, indeed, just, certainly, verily)

(indeclinable)

Emphatic particle.

सुहृदा (suhṛdā) - by a friend (by a friend, by a good-hearted person)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of suhṛd

suhṛd - friend, good-hearted person

Formed from `su` (good) and `hṛd` (heart).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (su+hṛd)

• su – good, well, excellent
  indeclinable
  Prefix indicating goodness.
• hṛd – heart, mind, soul
  noun (neuter)

Note: Agent in the passive construction.

शक्यः (śakyaḥ) - one who is capable (of being restrained) (capable, possible, able to be done, to be controlled)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śakya

śakya - capable, possible, able to be done, to be controlled

Gerundive (Future Passive Participle)

From root √śak (to be able).

Root: śak (class 5)

Note: Subject of the implied verb (e.g., `niyamyate` from the first half).

न (na) - not (not, no, nor)

(indeclinable)

शक्यः (śakyaḥ) - capable (i.e., not capable) (capable, possible, able to be done, to be controlled)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śakya

śakya - capable, possible, able to be done, to be controlled

Gerundive (Future Passive Participle)

From root √śak (to be able).

Root: śak (class 5)

Note: Subject of `avasīdati` when negated by `na`.

तु (tu) - however (but, indeed, on the other hand, however)

(indeclinable)

अवसीदति (avasīdati) - succumbs (sinks down, despairs, fails, succumbs, becomes dejected)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of sad

Present Tense, Active Voice, 3rd Person, Singular

From root √sad (class 1) with prefix ava.

Prefix: ava

Root: sad (class 1)

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