महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-10, chapter-5, verse-21

दुर्योधनश्च भीमेन समेत्य गदया मृधे ।
पश्यतां भूमिपालानामधर्मेण निपातितः ॥२१॥

21. duryodhanaśca bhīmena sametya gadayā mṛdhe ,
paśyatāṁ bhūmipālānāmadharmeṇa nipātitaḥ.

21. duryodhanaḥ ca bhīmena sametya gadayā mṛdhe
paśyatām bhūmipālānām adharmeṇa nipātitaḥ

21. ca duryodhanaḥ bhīmena mṛdhe sametya gadayā
bhūmipālānām paśyatām adharmeṇa nipātitaḥ

21. And Duryodhana, having confronted Bhīma in battle, was struck down by his mace, unlawfully (adharmeṇa), as the kings watched.

Words meanings summery:

• दुर्योधनः (duryodhanaḥ) - Duryodhana (a proper name)

• च (ca) - and, also

• भीमेन (bhīmena) - by Bhīma

• समेत्य (sametya) - having met, having encountered, having approached

• गदया (gadayā) - by a mace

• मृधे (mṛdhe) - in battle, in combat

• पश्यताम् (paśyatām) - of those seeing, of those watching

• भूमिपालानाम् (bhūmipālānām) - of the kings, of the rulers

• अधर्मेण (adharmeṇa) - by injustice, unlawfully, unrighteously

• निपातितः (nipātitaḥ) - struck down, caused to fall, killed

Words meanings and morphology

दुर्योधनः (duryodhanaḥ) - Duryodhana (a proper name)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of duryodhana

duryodhana - Duryodhana (proper name, lit. 'hard to fight with')

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dur+yodhana)

• dur – bad, difficult, ill
  indeclinable
• yodhana – fighting, warrior
  noun (masculine)
  action noun from √yudh
  Root: yudh (class 4)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

भीमेन (bhīmena) - by Bhīma

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of bhīma

bhīma - Bhīma (proper name, lit. 'terrible')

Root: bhī (class 3)

समेत्य (sametya) - having met, having encountered, having approached

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

From √i (to go) with prefix sam (together)

Prefix: sam

Root: i (class 2)

गदया (gadayā) - by a mace

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of gadā

gadā - mace, club

Root: gad (class 1)

मृधे (mṛdhe) - in battle, in combat

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of mṛdh

mṛdh - battle, combat, struggle

Root: mṛdh (class 1)

पश्यताम् (paśyatām) - of those seeing, of those watching

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, plural of paśyat

paśyat - seeing, watching, looking on

Present Active Participle

From √dṛś (to see), but uses the root √paś for present stem formation

Root: dṛś (class 1)

भूमिपालानाम् (bhūmipālānām) - of the kings, of the rulers

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of bhūmipāla

bhūmipāla - king, ruler, protector of the earth

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (bhūmi+pāla)

• bhūmi – earth, ground, land
  noun (feminine)
• pāla – protector, guardian, keeper
  noun (masculine)
  Root: pā (class 2)

अधर्मेण (adharmeṇa) - by injustice, unlawfully, unrighteously

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of adharma

adharma - unrighteousness, injustice, wrong, vice, what is contrary to natural law (dharma)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (a+dharma)

• a – not, non-, un-
  indeclinable
  negative prefix
• dharma – natural law, righteousness, duty, virtue, constitution, intrinsic nature
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)

निपातितः (nipātitaḥ) - struck down, caused to fall, killed

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nipātita

nipātita - caused to fall, thrown down, struck down, killed

Past Passive Participle (causative)

From the causative of √pat (to fall) with prefix ni (down)

Prefix: ni

Root: pat (class 1)