महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-10, chapter-5, verse-16

अश्वत्थामोवाच ।
एवमेतद्यथात्थ त्वमनुशास्मीह मातुल ।
तैस्तु पूर्वमयं सेतुः शतधा विदलीकृतः ॥१६॥

16. aśvatthāmovāca ,
evametadyathāttha tvamanuśāsmīha mātula ,
taistu pūrvamayaṁ setuḥ śatadhā vidalīkṛtaḥ.

16. aśvatthāmā uvāca evam etat yathā āttha tvam anuśāsmi
iha mātula taiḥ tu pūrvam ayam setuḥ śatadhā vidalīkṛtaḥ

16. aśvatthāmā uvāca mātula,
evam etat yathā tvam āttha.
iha anuśāsmi: tu taiḥ pūrvam ayam setuḥ śatadhā vidalīkṛtaḥ.

16. Ashvatthama said: 'This is indeed as you have stated, O uncle (mātula). I declare this here: But this moral boundary (setu) was shattered a hundredfold by them long ago.'

Words meanings summery:

• अश्वत्थामा (aśvatthāmā) - Ashvatthama (Ashvatthama (name of Drona's son))

• उवाच (uvāca) - said (spoke, said)

• एवम् (evam) - thus, exactly so (thus, in this manner, so)

• एतत् (etat) - this (referring to the previous statement) (this)

• यथा (yathā) - as (as, just as, in what way)

• आत्थ (āttha) - you have stated (you say, you have said)

• त्वम् (tvam) - you

• अनुशास्मि (anuśāsmi) - I declare, I explain (I instruct, I advise, I command, I explain)

• इह (iha) - here (in this context/discussion) (here, in this place, now, in this matter)

• मातुल (mātula) - O maternal uncle (maternal uncle)

• तैः (taiḥ) - by them (the Pandavas/others) (by them)

• तु (tu) - but (but, indeed, on the other hand)

• पूर्वम् (pūrvam) - previously, long ago (before, previously, formerly, eastern)

• अयम् (ayam) - this

• सेतुः (setuḥ) - moral boundary (setu), natural law (bridge, dike, dam, boundary, moral limit)

• शतधा (śatadhā) - a hundredfold (a hundredfold, in a hundred ways)

• विदलीकृतः (vidalīkṛtaḥ) - shattered (broken, shattered, torn apart)

Words meanings and morphology

अश्वत्थामा (aśvatthāmā) - Ashvatthama (Ashvatthama (name of Drona's son))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of aśvatthāmā

aśvatthāmā - Ashvatthama (name of Drona's son)

Note: Subject of `uvāca`

उवाच (uvāca) - said (spoke, said)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

Perfect Tense

3rd person singular, perfect tense

Root: vac (class 2)

एवम् (evam) - thus, exactly so (thus, in this manner, so)

(indeclinable)

Note: Modifies `etat`

एतत् (etat) - this (referring to the previous statement) (this)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of etad

etad - this, this one

Note: Subject

यथा (yathā) - as (as, just as, in what way)

(indeclinable)

आत्थ (āttha) - you have stated (you say, you have said)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of ah

Perfect Tense

2nd person singular, perfect tense

Root: ah (class 2)

त्वम् (tvam) - you

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

Note: Subject of `āttha`

अनुशास्मि (anuśāsmi) - I declare, I explain (I instruct, I advise, I command, I explain)

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of śās

Present Tense

1st person singular, present tense, with prefix `anu`

Prefix: anu

Root: śās (class 2)

इह (iha) - here (in this context/discussion) (here, in this place, now, in this matter)

(indeclinable)

मातुल (mātula) - O maternal uncle (maternal uncle)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of mātula

mātula - maternal uncle

तैः (taiḥ) - by them (the Pandavas/others) (by them)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

Instrumental plural, masculine

Note: Agent of passive verb `vidalīkṛtaḥ`

तु (tu) - but (but, indeed, on the other hand)

(indeclinable)

पूर्वम् (pūrvam) - previously, long ago (before, previously, formerly, eastern)

(indeclinable)

Adverbial usage of neuter singular nominative/accusative

Note: Adverbial

अयम् (ayam) - this

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this

Masculine nominative singular

Note: Modifies `setuḥ`

सेतुः (setuḥ) - moral boundary (setu), natural law (bridge, dike, dam, boundary, moral limit)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of setu

setu - bridge, dike, dam, boundary, limit, moral restraint, natural law

Root: si (class 5)

Note: Subject of passive verb

शतधा (śatadhā) - a hundredfold (a hundredfold, in a hundred ways)

(indeclinable)

Adverbial suffix `dhā` added to `śata` (hundred)

Note: Modifies `vidalīkṛtaḥ`

विदलीकृतः (vidalīkṛtaḥ) - shattered (broken, shattered, torn apart)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vidalīkṛta

vidalīkṛta - broken, shattered, torn asunder

Past Passive Participle

Derived from `vi-dalī-kṛ` (to make split, tear apart)

Prefix: vi

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Predicate adjective with implied verb `to be`