महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-10, chapter-5, verse-18

कर्णश्च पतिते चक्रे रथस्य रथिनां वरः ।
उत्तमे व्यसने सन्नो हतो गाण्डीवधन्वना ॥१८॥

18. karṇaśca patite cakre rathasya rathināṁ varaḥ ,
uttame vyasane sanno hato gāṇḍīvadhanvanā.

18. karṇaḥ ca patite cakre rathasya rathinām varaḥ
uttame vyasane sannaḥ hataḥ gāṇḍīvadhanvanā

18. ca rathinām varaḥ karṇaḥ,
rathasya cakre patite,
uttame vyasane sannaḥ,
gāṇḍīvadhanvanā hataḥ.

18. And Karna, the foremost among charioteers, was slain by the wielder of the Gaṇḍīva bow (Arjuna) when his chariot's wheel had fallen, while he was overwhelmed by supreme misfortune.

Words meanings summery:

• कर्णः (karṇaḥ) - Karna (Karna (proper noun))

• च (ca) - and

• पतिते (patite) - when fallen, having fallen (fallen, dropped (locative singular))

• चक्रे (cakre) - when the wheel (had fallen) (in the wheel)

• रथस्य (rathasya) - of his chariot (of the chariot)

• रथिनाम् (rathinām) - among charioteers (of charioteers, among charioteers)

• वरः (varaḥ) - foremost, best (best, excellent, choicest, boon)

• उत्तमे (uttame) - in supreme (in the highest, in the best, in the supreme)

• व्यसने (vyasane) - in misfortune, in distress (in calamity, in misfortune, in distress)

• सन्नः (sannaḥ) - overwhelmed, helpless (sunken, depressed, distressed, helpless)

• हतः (hataḥ) - slain (slain, killed, struck)

• गाण्डीवधन्वना (gāṇḍīvadhanvanā) - by the wielder of the Gaṇḍīva bow (Arjuna) (by the wielder of the Gandiva bow)

Words meanings and morphology

कर्णः (karṇaḥ) - Karna (Karna (proper noun))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of karṇa

karṇa - Karna (son of Sūrya and Kuntī)

Note: Subject of `hataḥ`

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Conjunction

Note: Connects this statement with the previous one

पतिते (patite) - when fallen, having fallen (fallen, dropped (locative singular))

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, singular of patita

patita - fallen, dropped, descended

Past Passive Participle

From root `pat` (to fall)

Root: pat (class 1)

चक्रे (cakre) - when the wheel (had fallen) (in the wheel)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of cakra

cakra - wheel, disk, circle, army division

रथस्य (rathasya) - of his chariot (of the chariot)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of ratha

ratha - chariot

Root: ramh (class 1)

Note: Modifies `cakre`

रथिनाम् (rathinām) - among charioteers (of charioteers, among charioteers)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of rathin

rathin - charioteer, warrior in a chariot

`ratha` + possessive suffix `in`

Note: Part of "genitive of comparison" with `varaḥ`

वरः (varaḥ) - foremost, best (best, excellent, choicest, boon)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vara

vara - best, excellent, choicest; a boon; a suitor

Root: vṛ (class 5)

Note: Modifies `karṇaḥ`

उत्तमे (uttame) - in supreme (in the highest, in the best, in the supreme)

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, singular of uttama

uttama - highest, best, supreme, excellent

Superlative of `ud`

Note: Modifies `vyasane`

व्यसने (vyasane) - in misfortune, in distress (in calamity, in misfortune, in distress)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of vyasana

vyasana - calamity, misfortune, distress, addiction

From `vi-as` (to throw down)

Prefix: vi

Root: as (class 4)

सन्नः (sannaḥ) - overwhelmed, helpless (sunken, depressed, distressed, helpless)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sanna

sanna - sunken, depressed, distressed, exhausted, helpless

Past Passive Participle

From root `sad` (to sink, sit down) with prefix `sam`

Prefix: sam

Root: sad (class 1)

Note: Modifies `karṇaḥ`

हतः (hataḥ) - slain (slain, killed, struck)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of hata

hata - slain, killed, struck, destroyed

Past Passive Participle

From root `han` (to strike, kill)

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Predicate adjective with implied verb `to be`

गाण्डीवधन्वना (gāṇḍīvadhanvanā) - by the wielder of the Gaṇḍīva bow (Arjuna) (by the wielder of the Gandiva bow)

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of gāṇḍīvadhanvan

gāṇḍīvadhanvan - wielder of the Gaṇḍīva bow (epithet for Arjuna)

Bahuvrīhi compound: 'he whose bow is Gaṇḍīva'

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (gāṇḍīva+dhanvan)

• gāṇḍīva – Gaṇḍīva (Arjuna's bow)
  proper noun (neuter)
• dhanvan – bow, archer
  noun (neuter)

Note: Agent of passive verb `hataḥ`