महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-181, verse-9

ततोऽर्जुनः प्रत्यविध्यदापतन्तं त्रिभिः शरैः ।
कर्णं वैकर्तनं धीमान्विकृष्य बलवद्धनुः ॥९॥

9. tato'rjunaḥ pratyavidhyadāpatantaṁ tribhiḥ śaraiḥ ,
karṇaṁ vaikartanaṁ dhīmānvikṛṣya balavaddhanuḥ.

9. tataḥ arjunaḥ pratyavidhyat āpatantam tribhiḥ śaraiḥ
karṇam vaikartanam dhīmān vikṛṣya balavat dhanuḥ

9. The sagacious Arjuna then, having powerfully drawn his strong bow, struck Karna (the son of Vikartana) in return with three arrows as Karna was advancing.

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then (then, thence, afterwards)

• अर्जुनः (arjunaḥ) - Arjuna (Arjuna (a name))

• प्रत्यविध्यत् (pratyavidhyat) - struck in return (pierced in return, counter-pierced, struck back)

• आपतन्तम् (āpatantam) - advancing (Karna) (coming, approaching, attacking (masculine singular accusative))

• त्रिभिः (tribhiḥ) - with three (by three, with three)

• शरैः (śaraiḥ) - with arrows (by arrows, with arrows)

• कर्णम् (karṇam) - Karna (Karna (a name))

• वैकर्तनम् (vaikartanam) - Karna (as son of Vikartana/Surya) (son of Vikartana (Surya); Karna)

• धीमान् (dhīmān) - sagacious (Arjuna) (intelligent, sagacious, wise)

• विकृष्य (vikṛṣya) - having powerfully drawn (his bow) (having drawn, having pulled, having stretched)

• बलवत् (balavat) - powerful (bow) (powerful, strong, mighty)

• धनुः (dhanuḥ) - bow

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then (then, thence, afterwards)

(indeclinable)

अर्जुनः (arjunaḥ) - Arjuna (Arjuna (a name))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of arjuna

arjuna - Arjuna (name of a Pandava prince); white, silver-colored

प्रत्यविध्यत् (pratyavidhyat) - struck in return (pierced in return, counter-pierced, struck back)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of prativyadh

Imperfect 3rd person singular active

Prefix: prati

Root: vyadh (class 4)

आपतन्तम् (āpatantam) - advancing (Karna) (coming, approaching, attacking (masculine singular accusative))

(participle)

Accusative, masculine, singular of āpatat

āpatat - coming, approaching, attacking

Present Active Participle

Root pat with upasarga ā

Prefix: ā

Root: pat (class 1)

त्रिभिः (tribhiḥ) - with three (by three, with three)

(numeral)

शरैः (śaraiḥ) - with arrows (by arrows, with arrows)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of śara

śara - arrow; reed

Root: śṛ

कर्णम् (karṇam) - Karna (Karna (a name))

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of karṇa

karṇa - ear; Karna (name of a hero in the Mahabharata)

वैकर्तनम् (vaikartanam) - Karna (as son of Vikartana/Surya) (son of Vikartana (Surya); Karna)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vaikartana

vaikartana - descendant of Vikartana (an epithet of Karna)

Derivative of Vikartana

धीमान् (dhīmān) - sagacious (Arjuna) (intelligent, sagacious, wise)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dhīmat

dhīmat - intelligent, wise, sagacious, thoughtful

Possessive suffix -mat

Root: dhī

विकृष्य (vikṛṣya) - having powerfully drawn (his bow) (having drawn, having pulled, having stretched)

(indeclinable participle)

बलवत् (balavat) - powerful (bow) (powerful, strong, mighty)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of balavat

balavat - strong, powerful, mighty

Possessive suffix -vat

Note: Here, balavat dhanuḥ acts as a compound or closely associated adjective-noun pair. 'dhanuḥ' can be nominative or accusative singular for neuter stems ending in -us/-u. Since it is the object of 'vikṛṣya' (having drawn), accusative case is more suitable for the entire phrase 'balavat dhanuḥ'.

धनुः (dhanuḥ) - bow

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of dhanus

dhanus - bow

Root: dhan