महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-181, verse-2

तानेवं वदतो विप्रानर्जुनः प्रहसन्निव ।
उवाच प्रेक्षका भूत्वा यूयं तिष्ठत पार्श्वतः ॥२॥

2. tānevaṁ vadato viprānarjunaḥ prahasanniva ,
uvāca prekṣakā bhūtvā yūyaṁ tiṣṭhata pārśvataḥ.

2. tān evam vadataḥ viprān arjunaḥ prahasan iva |
uvāca prekṣakāḥ bhūtvā yūyam tiṣṭhata pārśvataḥ

2. Arjuna, as if smiling, said to those Brahmins who were speaking in that manner: 'You all, just be spectators and stand aside.'

Words meanings summery:

• तान् (tān) - referring to the Brahmins (them, those)

• एवम् (evam) - thus, in this manner, so

• वदतः (vadataḥ) - speaking, saying

• विप्रान् (viprān) - Brahmins, inspired ones

• अर्जुनः (arjunaḥ) - Arjuna (name of a Pāṇḍava prince)

• प्रहसन् (prahasan) - laughing, smiling

• इव (iva) - like, as, as if

• उवाच (uvāca) - he said, he spoke

• प्रेक्षकाः (prekṣakāḥ) - spectators, onlookers

• भूत्वा (bhūtvā) - having become, being

• यूयम् (yūyam) - you (plural)

• तिष्ठत (tiṣṭhata) - stand, remain

• पार्श्वतः (pārśvataḥ) - from the side, at the side, aside

Words meanings and morphology

तान् (tān) - referring to the Brahmins (them, those)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

Note: Modifies viprān.

एवम् (evam) - thus, in this manner, so

(indeclinable)

Note: Modifies vadataḥ.

वदतः (vadataḥ) - speaking, saying

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of vadat

vadat - speaking, saying

Present Active Participle

derived from root vad (to speak) + śatṛ suffix

Root: vad (class 1)

Note: Modifies viprān.

विप्रान् (viprān) - Brahmins, inspired ones

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of vipra

vipra - Brahmin, inspired, sage, learned

Note: Object of uvāca.

अर्जुनः (arjunaḥ) - Arjuna (name of a Pāṇḍava prince)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of arjuna

arjuna - Arjuna (name of a Pāṇḍava prince), white, clear

Note: Subject of uvāca.

प्रहसन् (prahasan) - laughing, smiling

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of prahasat

prahasat - laughing, smiling

Present Active Participle

derived from root has (to laugh) with prefix pra + śatṛ suffix

Prefix: pra

Root: has (class 1)

Note: Agrees with arjunaḥ.

इव (iva) - like, as, as if

(indeclinable)

Note: Used with prahasan to mean 'as if smiling'.

उवाच (uvāca) - he said, he spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (liṭ) of vac

perfect 3rd singular active

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Subject is arjunaḥ.

प्रेक्षकाः (prekṣakāḥ) - spectators, onlookers

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of prekṣaka

prekṣaka - spectator, observer, onlooker

Prefix: pra

Root: īkṣ (class 1)

Note: Predicative noun with bhūtvā and yūyam.

भूत्वा (bhūtvā) - having become, being

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

derived from root bhū (to be) + ktvā suffix

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Connects the state of 'being spectators' to the action of 'standing'.

यूयम् (yūyam) - you (plural)

(pronoun)

Nominative, plural of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

Note: Subject of tiṣṭhata.

तिष्ठत (tiṣṭhata) - stand, remain

(verb)

2nd person , plural, active, present imperative (loṭ) of sthā

present 2nd plural imperative active

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Command.

पार्श्वतः (pārśvataḥ) - from the side, at the side, aside

(indeclinable)

derived from pārśva (side) with tasil suffix

Note: Adverb.