महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-181, verse-8

भीमसेनं ययौ शल्यो मद्राणामीश्वरो बली ।
दुर्योधनादयस्त्वन्ये ब्राह्मणैः सह संगताः ।
मृदुपूर्वमयत्नेन प्रत्ययुध्यंस्तदाहवे ॥८॥

8. bhīmasenaṁ yayau śalyo madrāṇāmīśvaro balī ,
duryodhanādayastvanye brāhmaṇaiḥ saha saṁgatāḥ ,
mṛdupūrvamayatnena pratyayudhyaṁstadāhave.

8. bhīmasenam yayau śalyaḥ madrāṇām
īśvaraḥ balī duryodhanādayaḥ tu anye
brāhmaṇaiḥ saha saṅgatāḥ mṛdupūrvam
ayatnena pratyayudhyan tadā āhave

8. Śalya, the powerful ruler of the Madras, advanced against Bhīmasena. But Duryodhana and the other kings, accompanied by the brāhmaṇas, then countered in that battle, initially with a gentle approach and without great effort.

Words meanings summery:

• भीमसेनम् (bhīmasenam) - to Bhīmasena

• ययौ (yayau) - went, approached, moved

• शल्यः (śalyaḥ) - Śalya (proper name)

• मद्राणाम् (madrāṇām) - of the Madras (a people/kingdom)

• ईश्वरः (īśvaraḥ) - lord, ruler, master

• बली (balī) - powerful, strong, mighty

• दुर्योधनादयः (duryodhanādayaḥ) - Duryodhana and others

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

• अन्ये (anye) - others, other (masculine plural)

• ब्राह्मणैः (brāhmaṇaiḥ) - by brāhmaṇas, with brāhmaṇas

• सह (saha) - with, together with

• सङ्गताः (saṅgatāḥ) - united, gathered, accompanied, met

• मृदुपूर्वम् (mṛdupūrvam) - gently at first, mildly initially

• अयत्नेन (ayatnena) - without effort, effortlessly, easily

• प्रत्ययुध्यन् (pratyayudhyan) - they fought back, they resisted

• तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

• आहवे (āhave) - in battle, in combat

Words meanings and morphology

भीमसेनम् (bhīmasenam) - to Bhīmasena

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of bhīmasena

bhīmasena - Bhīmasena (name of a Pāṇḍava brother)

ययौ (yayau) - went, approached, moved

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of yā

Perfect

root 'yā'

Root: yā (class 2)

शल्यः (śalyaḥ) - Śalya (proper name)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śalya

śalya - Śalya (name of a king), dart, arrow

मद्राणाम् (madrāṇām) - of the Madras (a people/kingdom)

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of madra

madra - the country of Madra, people of Madra

ईश्वरः (īśvaraḥ) - lord, ruler, master

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of īśvara

īśvara - lord, master, ruler, controller

Root: īś (class 2)

बली (balī) - powerful, strong, mighty

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of balin

balin - powerful, strong, mighty

दुर्योधनादयः (duryodhanādayaḥ) - Duryodhana and others

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of duryodhanādi

duryodhanādi - Duryodhana and others

Compound type : dvandva (duryodhana+ādi)

• duryodhana – Duryodhana (name of the eldest Kaurava brother)
  proper noun (masculine)
• ādi – beginning, first, and so on, etc.
  noun (masculine)

तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

(indeclinable)

अन्ये (anye) - others, other (masculine plural)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of anya

anya - other, another, different

ब्राह्मणैः (brāhmaṇaiḥ) - by brāhmaṇas, with brāhmaṇas

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of brāhmaṇa

brāhmaṇa - brāhmaṇa (member of the priestly class), relating to Brahman

सह (saha) - with, together with

(indeclinable)

सङ्गताः (saṅgatāḥ) - united, gathered, accompanied, met

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of saṅgata

saṅgata - met, united, joined, accompanied, assembled

Past Passive Participle

formed from root 'gam' with prefix 'sam'

Prefix: sam

Root: gam (class 1)

मृदुपूर्वम् (mṛdupūrvam) - gently at first, mildly initially

(indeclinable)

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mṛdu+pūrva)

• mṛdu – soft, gentle, mild, tender
  adjective (masculine)
• pūrva – first, prior, before, eastern
  adjective (masculine)

अयत्नेन (ayatnena) - without effort, effortlessly, easily

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of ayatna

ayatna - absence of effort, ease

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (a+yatna)

• a – not, un-
  prefix
  negative prefix
• yatna – effort, exertion, attempt
  noun (masculine)
  Root: yat (class 1)

प्रत्ययुध्यन् (pratyayudhyan) - they fought back, they resisted

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of pratyayudh

Imperfect

root 'yudh' with prefix 'prati'

Prefix: prati

Root: yudh (class 4)

तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

(indeclinable)

आहवे (āhave) - in battle, in combat

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of āhava

āhava - battle, war, combat