महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-181, verse-1

वैशंपायन उवाच ।
अजिनानि विधुन्वन्तः करकांश्च द्विजर्षभाः ।
ऊचुस्तं भीर्न कर्तव्या वयं योत्स्यामहे परान् ॥१॥

1. vaiśaṁpāyana uvāca ,
ajināni vidhunvantaḥ karakāṁśca dvijarṣabhāḥ ,
ūcustaṁ bhīrna kartavyā vayaṁ yotsyāmahe parān.

1. vaiśaṃpāyana uvāca | ajināni vidhunvantaḥ karakān ca
dvijarṣabhāḥ | ūcuḥ tam bhīḥ na kartavyā vayam yotsyāmahe parān

1. Vaiśampaayana said: The foremost among the Brahmins, shaking their deer skins and water pots, said to him: 'Do not be afraid; we will fight the enemies!'

Words meanings summery:

• वैशंपायन (vaiśaṁpāyana) - Vaiśampaayana (name of a sage)

• उवाच (uvāca) - he said, he spoke

• अजिनानि (ajināni) - deer skins, animal hides

• विधुन्वन्तः (vidhunvantaḥ) - shaking, waving

• करकान् (karakān) - water pots, small pitchers

• च (ca) - and

• द्विजर्षभाः (dvijarṣabhāḥ) - chief among the twice-born, excellent Brahmins

• ऊचुः (ūcuḥ) - they said, they spoke

• तम् (tam) - to Arjuna (him, that)

• भीः (bhīḥ) - fear

• न (na) - not, no

• कर्तव्या (kartavyā) - should not be entertained (fear) (to be done, should be done)

• वयम् (vayam) - we

• योत्स्यामहे (yotsyāmahe) - we will fight

• परान् (parān) - enemies, others

Words meanings and morphology

वैशंपायन (vaiśaṁpāyana) - Vaiśampaayana (name of a sage)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vaiśaṃpāyana

vaiśaṁpāyana - Vaiśampaayana (a sage, disciple of Vyāsa, narrator of the Mahābhārata)

Note: Subject of uvāca.

उवाच (uvāca) - he said, he spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (liṭ) of vac

perfect 3rd singular active (root vac, reduplicated)

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Null subject 'he' (referring to Vaiśampaayana).

अजिनानि (ajināni) - deer skins, animal hides

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, plural of ajina

ajina - skin, hide, especially deer skin (worn by ascetics)

Note: Object of vidhunvantaḥ.

विधुन्वन्तः (vidhunvantaḥ) - shaking, waving

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vidhunvat

vidhunvat - shaking, waving, agitating

Present Active Participle

derived from root dhū (to shake) with prefix vi + śatṛ suffix

Prefix: vi

Root: dhū (class 5)

Note: Agrees with dvijarṣabhāḥ.

करकान् (karakān) - water pots, small pitchers

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of karaka

karaka - water pot, pitcher, coconut, certain tree

Note: Object of vidhunvantaḥ.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects ajināni and karakān.

द्विजर्षभाः (dvijarṣabhāḥ) - chief among the twice-born, excellent Brahmins

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of dvijarṣabha

dvijarṣabha - chief among the twice-born (Brahmins)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dvija+ṛṣabha)

• dvija – twice-born, Brahmin, bird, tooth
  noun (masculine)
• ṛṣabha – bull, chief, excellent
  noun (masculine)

Note: Subject of ūcuḥ.

ऊचुः (ūcuḥ) - they said, they spoke

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past perfect (liṭ) of vac

perfect 3rd plural active (root vac, reduplicated)

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Refers to dvijarṣabhāḥ.

तम् (tam) - to Arjuna (him, that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, those

Note: Object of ūcuḥ (person spoken to).

भीः (bhīḥ) - fear

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of bhī

bhī - fear, dread

Note: Subject of kartavyā (passive construction).

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

Note: Negates kartavyā.

कर्तव्या (kartavyā) - should not be entertained (fear) (to be done, should be done)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of kartavya

kartavya - to be done, fit to be done, duty

Gerundive

derived from root kṛ (to do) + tavya suffix

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Agrees with bhīḥ.

वयम् (vayam) - we

(pronoun)

Nominative, plural of asmad

asmad - I, me, my

Note: Subject of yotsyāmahe.

योत्स्यामहे (yotsyāmahe) - we will fight

(verb)

1st person , plural, middle, future (lṛṭ) of yudh

future 1st plural middle

Root: yudh (class 4)

परान् (parān) - enemies, others

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of para

para - other, another, supreme, enemy

Note: Object of yotsyāmahe.