महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-145, verse-21

जीविते परमं दुःखं जीविते परमो ज्वरः ।
जीविते वर्तमानस्य द्वन्द्वानामागमो ध्रुवः ॥२१॥

21. jīvite paramaṁ duḥkhaṁ jīvite paramo jvaraḥ ,
jīvite vartamānasya dvandvānāmāgamo dhruvaḥ.

21. jīvite paramam duḥkham jīvite paramaḥ jvaraḥ
jīvite vartamānasya dvandvānām āgamaḥ dhruvaḥ

21. In life, there is supreme sorrow; in life, there is intense fever (distress). For one who exists in life, the onset of dualities (like pleasure and pain, heat and cold) is inevitable.

Words meanings summery:

• जीविते (jīvite) - in life, concerning life

• परमम् (paramam) - supreme, highest, greatest

• दुःखम् (duḥkham) - sorrow, pain, suffering

• जीविते (jīvite) - in life, concerning life

• परमः (paramaḥ) - supreme, highest, greatest

• ज्वरः (jvaraḥ) - fever, burning, distress

• जीविते (jīvite) - in life, concerning life

• वर्तमानस्य (vartamānasya) - for one who is living (of one existing, of one being present)

• द्वन्द्वानाम् (dvandvānām) - of the pairs of opposites (e.g., pleasure/pain, heat/cold) (of the pairs, of the dualities)

• आगमः (āgamaḥ) - arrival, coming, approach, onset

• ध्रुवः (dhruvaḥ) - certain, fixed, constant, inevitable

Words meanings and morphology

जीविते (jīvite) - in life, concerning life

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of jīvita

jīvita - life, living, state of being alive

Past Passive Participle

from root jīv 'to live'

Root: jīv (class 1)

परमम् (paramam) - supreme, highest, greatest

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of parama

parama - supreme, highest, greatest, best

Note: Qualifies 'duḥkham'.

दुःखम् (duḥkham) - sorrow, pain, suffering

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of duḥkha

duḥkha - sorrow, pain, suffering, misery

Note: Subject of implied verb 'asti' (is).

जीविते (jīvite) - in life, concerning life

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of jīvita

jīvita - life, living, state of being alive

Past Passive Participle

from root jīv 'to live'

Root: jīv (class 1)

परमः (paramaḥ) - supreme, highest, greatest

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of parama

parama - supreme, highest, greatest, best

Note: Qualifies 'jvaraḥ'.

ज्वरः (jvaraḥ) - fever, burning, distress

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of jvara

jvara - fever, burning, distress, anguish

from root jvar 'to be hot, to suffer'

Root: jvar (class 1)

Note: Subject of implied verb 'asti' (is).

जीविते (jīvite) - in life, concerning life

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of jīvita

jīvita - life, living, state of being alive

Past Passive Participle

from root jīv 'to live'

Root: jīv (class 1)

वर्तमानस्य (vartamānasya) - for one who is living (of one existing, of one being present)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of vartamāna

vartamāna - existing, present, being

Present Middle Participle

from root vṛt 'to be, exist', Present Middle Participle, Genitive Singular, Masculine

Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Implies a person who is living.

द्वन्द्वानाम् (dvandvānām) - of the pairs of opposites (e.g., pleasure/pain, heat/cold) (of the pairs, of the dualities)

(noun)

Genitive, neuter, plural of dvandva

dvandva - pair, couple, duality, pair of opposites

Note: Genitive plural, describing the pairs of opposites inherent in existence.

आगमः (āgamaḥ) - arrival, coming, approach, onset

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of āgama

āgama - arrival, coming, approach, onset

from prefix ā + root gam 'to go'

Prefix: ā

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Subject of the sentence.

ध्रुवः (dhruvaḥ) - certain, fixed, constant, inevitable

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dhruva

dhruva - certain, fixed, constant, inevitable, firm

from root dhru 'to be firm'

Root: dhru (class 1)

Note: Predicate adjective for 'āgamaḥ'.