महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-145, verse-15

तदिदं ब्राह्मणस्यास्य दुःखमापतितं ध्रुवम् ।
तत्रास्य यदि साहाय्यं कुर्याम सुकृतं भवेत् ॥१५॥

15. tadidaṁ brāhmaṇasyāsya duḥkhamāpatitaṁ dhruvam ,
tatrāsya yadi sāhāyyaṁ kuryāma sukṛtaṁ bhavet.

15. tat idam brāhmaṇasya asya duḥkham āpatitam dhruvam
tatra asya yadi sāhāyyam kuryāma sukṛtam bhavet

15. Indeed, this definite sorrow has befallen this Brahmin (brāhmaṇa). If we were to offer him assistance (sāhāyya) in that matter, it would be a virtuous deed (sukṛta).

Words meanings summery:

• तत् (tat) - this (sorrow) (that, this)

• इदम् (idam) - this (sorrow) (this)

• ब्राह्मणस्य (brāhmaṇasya) - of the Brahmin

• अस्य (asya) - of this (Brahmin) (of this, for him)

• दुःखम् (duḥkham) - sorrow, misery, suffering

• आपतितम् (āpatitam) - befallen, happened, arrived

• ध्रुवम् (dhruvam) - definite, certain, fixed, surely

• तत्र (tatra) - in that (matter of sorrow) (there, in that, in that matter)

• अस्य (asya) - for him (the Brahmin) (of him, for him)

• यदि (yadi) - if

• साहाय्यम् (sāhāyyam) - help, assistance

• कुर्याम (kuryāma) - we should do, we may do

• सुकृतम् (sukṛtam) - a virtuous deed, good action (sukṛta)

• भवेत् (bhavet) - it would be, it should be

Words meanings and morphology

तत् (tat) - this (sorrow) (that, this)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, this

इदम् (idam) - this (sorrow) (this)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this

ब्राह्मणस्य (brāhmaṇasya) - of the Brahmin

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of brāhmaṇa

brāhmaṇa - Brahmin, one belonging to the priestly class

अस्य (asya) - of this (Brahmin) (of this, for him)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this

दुःखम् (duḥkham) - sorrow, misery, suffering

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of duḥkha

duḥkha - sorrow, misery, pain, suffering

आपतितम् (āpatitam) - befallen, happened, arrived

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of āpatita

āpatita - befallen, happened, fallen upon

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root pat (to fall) with prefix ā- and kta suffix.

Prefix: ā

Root: pat (class 1)

ध्रुवम् (dhruvam) - definite, certain, fixed, surely

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of dhruva

dhruva - fixed, firm, certain, definite, constant

Root: dhru (class 1)

तत्र (tatra) - in that (matter of sorrow) (there, in that, in that matter)

(indeclinable)

Adverb from 'tad' (that)

अस्य (asya) - for him (the Brahmin) (of him, for him)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this

यदि (yadi) - if

(indeclinable)

Conditional conjunction

साहाय्यम् (sāhāyyam) - help, assistance

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of sāhāyya

sāhāyya - help, assistance, aid

From 'sahāya' (helper) + 'ya' suffix.

कुर्याम (kuryāma) - we should do, we may do

(verb)

1st person , plural, active, optative active (vidhi-liṅ) of kṛ

Root: kṛ (class 8)

सुकृतम् (sukṛtam) - a virtuous deed, good action (sukṛta)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of sukṛta

sukṛta - well-done, virtuous, a good deed, meritorious act (sukṛta)

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root kṛ (to do) with prefix su- (good) and kta suffix. Used as a noun here.

Compound type : pradi-samāsa (su+kṛta)

• su – good, well
  indeclinable
  Prefix indicating goodness or excellence
• kṛta – done, made
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root kṛ (to do) + kta suffix.
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

भवेत् (bhavet) - it would be, it should be

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative active (vidhi-liṅ) of bhū

Root: bhū (class 1)