महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-145, verse-1

जनमेजय उवाच ।
एकचक्रां गतास्ते तु कुन्तीपुत्रा महारथाः ।
अतः परं द्विजश्रेष्ठ किमकुर्वत पाण्डवाः ॥१॥

1. janamejaya uvāca ,
ekacakrāṁ gatāste tu kuntīputrā mahārathāḥ ,
ataḥ paraṁ dvijaśreṣṭha kimakurvata pāṇḍavāḥ.

1. janamejaya uvāca ekacakrām gatāḥ te tu kuntīputrāḥ
mahārathāḥ ataḥ param dvijaśreṣṭha kim akurvata pāṇḍavāḥ

1. Janamejaya said: 'O foremost of brahmins (dvijaśreṣṭha), what did those great charioteer sons of Kuntī, the Pāṇḍavas, do after they had gone to Ekacakrā?'

Words meanings summery:

• जनमेजय (janamejaya) - Janamejaya (proper noun)

• उवाच (uvāca) - he said, he spoke

• एकचक्राम् (ekacakrām) - to Ekacakrā (a place name)

• गताः (gatāḥ) - gone, arrived

• ते (te) - the Pāṇḍavas (they (masculine plural nominative))

• तु (tu) - but, on the other hand, indeed, then

• कुन्तीपुत्राः (kuntīputrāḥ) - sons of Kuntī

• महारथाः (mahārathāḥ) - great charioteers, mighty warriors

• अतः (ataḥ) - from this, therefore, hereafter

• परम् (param) - after, beyond, more

• द्विजश्रेष्ठ (dvijaśreṣṭha) - Addressing the sage Sūta or Vaiśampāyana, the narrator of the Mahābhārata to Janamejaya (O best of twice-born, O best of brahmins)

• किम् (kim) - what? why?

• अकुर्वत (akurvata) - they did, they made

• पाण्डवाः (pāṇḍavāḥ) - the Pāṇḍavas

Words meanings and morphology

जनमेजय (janamejaya) - Janamejaya (proper noun)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of janamejaya

janamejaya - Janamejaya (a king, great-grandson of Arjuna, and listener of the Mahābhārata narrative)

Compound of 'jana' (people) + 'mejaya' (trembling).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (jana+mejaya)

• jana – people, man
  noun (masculine)
• mejaya – making tremble, shaking
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent noun from causal 'mij'
  Derived from 'mij' in causal sense 'to make tremble'
  Root: mij (class 1)

उवाच (uvāca) - he said, he spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (liṭ) of vac

Perfect tense, third person singular

Reduplicated perfect form of root 'vac' (class 2)

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: The verb for 'janamejaya'.

एकचक्राम् (ekacakrām) - to Ekacakrā (a place name)

(proper noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of ekacakrā

ekacakrā - Ekacakrā (name of a city or region)

Compound of 'eka' (one) + 'cakra' (wheel/region).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (eka+cakra)

• eka – one, single
  numeral (masculine)
• cakra – wheel, disk, circle, realm
  noun (neuter)

Note: Indicates destination.

गताः (gatāḥ) - gone, arrived

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of gata

gata - gone, arrived, attained, reached

Past Passive Participle

From root 'gam' (to go) + 'kta' suffix.

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Describes the Pāṇḍavas.

ते (te) - the Pāṇḍavas (they (masculine plural nominative))

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Nominative plural masculine form.

Note: Subject.

तु (tu) - but, on the other hand, indeed, then

(indeclinable)

Particle

कुन्तीपुत्राः (kuntīputrāḥ) - sons of Kuntī

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of kuntīputra

kuntīputra - son of Kuntī (used for the Pāṇḍavas)

Tatpuruṣa compound of 'Kuntī' and 'putra'.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kuntī+putra)

• kuntī – Kuntī (mother of the Pāṇḍavas)
  proper noun (feminine)
• putra – son, child
  noun (masculine)

Note: Appositive to 'te' and 'pāṇḍavāḥ'.

महारथाः (mahārathāḥ) - great charioteers, mighty warriors

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of mahāratha

mahāratha - great charioteer, mighty warrior (one who can fight many thousands of soldiers)

Karmadhāraya compound of 'mahā' (great) and 'ratha' (chariot/warrior).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+ratha)

• mahā – great, mighty
  adjective
• ratha – chariot, warrior (often referring to a charioteer/warrior in compounds)
  noun (masculine)

Note: Appositive to 'te' and 'pāṇḍavāḥ'.

अतः (ataḥ) - from this, therefore, hereafter

(indeclinable)

Adverb of place/time/reason.

परम् (param) - after, beyond, more

(indeclinable)

Here used adverbially with 'atas'.

द्विजश्रेष्ठ (dvijaśreṣṭha) - Addressing the sage Sūta or Vaiśampāyana, the narrator of the Mahābhārata to Janamejaya (O best of twice-born, O best of brahmins)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of dvijaśreṣṭha

dvijaśreṣṭha - best of twice-born, foremost among brahmins

Tatpuruṣa compound of 'dvija' (twice-born) and 'śreṣṭha' (best).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dvija+śreṣṭha)

• dvija – twice-born (Brahmin, Kṣatriya, Vaiśya), bird, tooth
  noun (masculine)
  From 'dvi' (two) + root 'jan' (to be born)
  Root: jan (class 4)
• śreṣṭha – best, most excellent, chief
  adjective (masculine)
  Superlative of 'praśasya' (praiseworthy)

किम् (kim) - what? why?

(indeclinable)

Interrogative pronoun/adverb.

Note: Question word.

अकुर्वत (akurvata) - they did, they made

(verb)

3rd person , plural, middle, past imperfect (laṅ) of kṛ

Imperfect tense, third person plural, middle voice

From root 'kṛ' (class 8) with augment 'a-'

Root: kṛ (class 8)

पाण्डवाः (pāṇḍavāḥ) - the Pāṇḍavas

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of pāṇḍava

pāṇḍava - descendant of Pāṇḍu, the Pāṇḍavas

From 'Pāṇḍu' (king Pāṇḍu) + 'a' suffix.

Note: Subject of 'akurvata'.