महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-145, verse-20

ब्राह्मण उवाच ।
धिगिदं जीवितं लोकेऽनलसारमनर्थकम् ।
दुःखमूलं पराधीनं भृशमप्रियभागि च ॥२०॥

20. brāhmaṇa uvāca ,
dhigidaṁ jīvitaṁ loke'nalasāramanarthakam ,
duḥkhamūlaṁ parādhīnaṁ bhṛśamapriyabhāgi ca.

20. brāhmaṇaḥ uvāca dhik idam jīvitam loke analasāram
anarthakam duḥkhamūlam parādhīnam bhṛśam apriyabhāgi ca

20. The brahmin said: "Fie upon this life in the world! It is devoid of vital essence, meaningless, rooted in sorrow, dependent on others, and greatly filled with unpleasantness."

Words meanings summery:

• ब्राह्मणः (brāhmaṇaḥ) - brahmin

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• धिक् (dhik) - fie, shame, alas, curse

• इदम् (idam) - this life (this, this one)

• जीवितम् (jīvitam) - life, living

• लोके (loke) - in the world, in this existence

• अनलसारम् (analasāram) - devoid of vital essence or substance (worthless, unsubstantial, devoid of vital essence)

• अनर्थकम् (anarthakam) - meaningless, useless, worthless

• दुःखमूलम् (duḥkhamūlam) - rooted in sorrow, having sorrow as its origin

• पराधीनम् (parādhīnam) - dependent on others, subservient

• भृशम् (bhṛśam) - greatly, exceedingly, very much

• अप्रियभागि (apriyabhāgi) - sharing unpleasantness, full of unhappiness

• च (ca) - and, also

Words meanings and morphology

ब्राह्मणः (brāhmaṇaḥ) - brahmin

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of brāhmaṇa

brāhmaṇa - brahmin, priestly class member

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect Active

root vac, Perfect, 3rd Person Singular, Active Voice

Root: vac (class 2)

धिक् (dhik) - fie, shame, alas, curse

(indeclinable)

Note: Expresses contempt or sorrow, usually with accusative.

इदम् (idam) - this life (this, this one)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this, this one

Note: Qualifies 'jīvitam'.

जीवितम् (jīvitam) - life, living

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of jīvita

jīvita - life, living, state of being alive

Past Passive Participle

from root jīv 'to live'

Root: jīv (class 1)

Note: Object of 'dhik'.

लोके (loke) - in the world, in this existence

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of loka

loka - world, people, universe

Note: Refers to mundane existence.

अनलसारम् (analasāram) - devoid of vital essence or substance (worthless, unsubstantial, devoid of vital essence)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of analasāra

analasāra - worthless, unsubstantial, devoid of vital essence

Bahuvrīhi compound: a (not) + nala (reed) + sāra (essence), figuratively meaning worthless or unsubstantial.

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (a+nala+sāra)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix
• nala – reed, cane
  noun (masculine)
• sāra – essence, pith, strength, worth
  noun (masculine)

Note: Qualifies 'jīvitam'.

अनर्थकम् (anarthakam) - meaningless, useless, worthless

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of anarthaka

anarthaka - meaningless, useless, worthless

Negative Tatpuruṣa compound: an (not) + arthaka (meaningful/useful)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (an+arthaka)

• an – not, un-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix
• arthaka – meaningful, useful, serving a purpose
  adjective (masculine)
  from artha (purpose, meaning) + -ka suffix

Note: Qualifies 'jīvitam'.

दुःखमूलम् (duḥkhamūlam) - rooted in sorrow, having sorrow as its origin

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of duḥkhamūla

duḥkhamūla - rooted in sorrow, having sorrow as its origin

Tatpuruṣa compound: duḥkha (sorrow) + mūla (root)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (duḥkha+mūla)

• duḥkha – sorrow, pain, suffering
  noun (neuter)
• mūla – root, origin, foundation
  noun (neuter)

Note: Qualifies 'jīvitam'.

पराधीनम् (parādhīnam) - dependent on others, subservient

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of parādhīna

parādhīna - dependent on others, subservient, under another's power

Tatpuruṣa compound: para (other) + adhīna (dependent)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (para+adhīna)

• para – other, another
  pronoun (masculine)
• adhīna – dependent, subordinate, subject to
  adjective (masculine)
  from adhi + root ī 'to go'
  Prefix: adhi
  Root: ī (class 2)

Note: Qualifies 'jīvitam'.

भृशम् (bhṛśam) - greatly, exceedingly, very much

(indeclinable)

adverbial form of bhṛśa (abundant, intense)

Note: Adverb modifying 'apriyabhāgi'.

अप्रियभागि (apriyabhāgi) - sharing unpleasantness, full of unhappiness

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of apriyabhāgin

apriyabhāgin - sharing unpleasantness, full of unhappiness

compound: apriya (unpleasant) + bhāgin (sharing)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (apriya+bhāgin)

• apriya – unpleasant, disagreeable, hostile
  adjective (neuter)
  Negative Tatpuruṣa: a (not) + priya (dear, pleasant)
• bhāgin – sharing, participating in, possessing
  adjective (masculine)
  from bhāga (share) + -in suffix

Note: Qualifies 'jīvitam'.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunction.