योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-7, chapter-51, verse-1

श्रीराम उवाच ।
कथं केवलजाग्रत्त्वमकारणमनर्थकम् ।
पराद्विकसति ब्रह्मन्गगनादिव पादपः ॥ १ ॥

śrīrāma uvāca ,
kathaṃ kevalajāgrattvamakāraṇamanarthakam ,
parādvikasati brahmangaganādiva pādapaḥ 1

1. śrīrāma uvāca katham kevala-jāgrat-tvam akāraṇam
anarthakam parāt vikasati brahman gaganāt iva pādapaḥ

1. śrīrāma uvāca brahman akāraṇam anarthakam kevala-jāgrat-tvam
parāt gaganāt pādapaḥ iva katham vikasati

1. Śrī Rāma said: O knower of Brahman (brahman), how does the state of mere waking consciousness, without cause and without purpose, develop from the Supreme (para), like a tree from the sky?

Words meanings summery:

• श्रीराम (śrīrāma) - Lord Rāma (proper noun)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• कथम् (katham) - how? why?

• केवल-जाग्रत्-त्वम् (kevala-jāgrat-tvam) - the state of mere waking (consciousness)

• अकारणम् (akāraṇam) - without cause, causeless

• अनर्थकम् (anarthakam) - without purpose, meaningless, useless

• परात् (parāt) - from the Supreme (para), from the highest

• विकसति (vikasati) - develops, blossoms, arises

• ब्रह्मन् (brahman) - O knower of Brahman (O Brahman (vocative), O knower of Brahman)

• गगनात् (gaganāt) - from the sky, from space

• इव (iva) - like, as, as if

• पादपः (pādapaḥ) - tree

Words meanings and morphology

श्रीराम (śrīrāma) - Lord Rāma (proper noun)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śrīrāma

śrīrāma - Lord Rāma, an incarnation of Vishnu

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Root: vac (class 2)

कथम् (katham) - how? why?

(indeclinable)

केवल-जाग्रत्-त्वम् (kevala-jāgrat-tvam) - the state of mere waking (consciousness)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kevala-jāgrat-tva

kevala-jāgrat-tva - the state of being merely awake or pure waking consciousness

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (kevala-jāgrat+tva)

• kevala-jāgrat – mere waking, purely awake
  adjective (neuter)
  Compound of 'kevala' (mere) and 'jāgrat' (waking).
• tva – suffix for abstract nouns, -ness, -hood
  noun (neuter)
  Suffix forming abstract nouns, e.g., 'puruṣatva' (manhood).

अकारणम् (akāraṇam) - without cause, causeless

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of akāraṇa

akāraṇa - without cause, causeless

Compound type : Nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+kāraṇa)

• a – not, non-, un-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix.
• kāraṇa – cause, reason, instrument
  noun (neuter)
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

अनर्थकम् (anarthakam) - without purpose, meaningless, useless

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of anarthaka

anarthaka - meaningless, useless, purposeless

Compound type : Nañ-tatpuruṣa (an+arthaka)

• an – not, non-, un-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix, used before vowels.
• arthaka – meaningful, having purpose, useful
  adjective (neuter)
  Derived from artha ('meaning', 'purpose') with the suffix -ka.

परात् (parāt) - from the Supreme (para), from the highest

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of para

para - supreme, highest, ultimate; other, distant

विकसति (vikasati) - develops, blossoms, arises

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of vi-kas

Verb root kas with prefix vi.

Prefix: vi

Root: kas (class 1)

ब्रह्मन् (brahman) - O knower of Brahman (O Brahman (vocative), O knower of Brahman)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of brahman

brahman - sacred utterance, ultimate reality (neuter); priest, knower of Brahman (masculine)

गगनात् (gaganāt) - from the sky, from space

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of gagana

gagana - sky, atmosphere, space

इव (iva) - like, as, as if

(indeclinable)

पादपः (pādapaḥ) - tree

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pādapa

pādapa - tree (literally 'drinking with feet')

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