योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-7, chapter-42, verse-48

निर्वाणं वर्णयन्नज्ञस्ताप्यतेऽन्तर्न शाम्यति ।
कल्पनांशोपदेशेन लोकोऽविद्यामयात्मना ॥ ४८ ॥

nirvāṇaṃ varṇayannajñastāpyate'ntarna śāmyati ,
kalpanāṃśopadeśena loko'vidyāmayātmanā 48

48. nirvāṇaṃ varṇayan ajñaḥ tāpyate antar na śāmyati
kalpanā-aṃśa-upadeśena lokaḥ avidyā-maya-ātmanā

48. ajñaḥ nirvāṇaṃ varṇayan antar tāpyate na śāmyati
lokaḥ avidyā-maya-ātmanā kalpanā-aṃśa-upadeśena

48. The ignorant person, attempting to describe final liberation (nirvāṇa), is tormented internally and finds no peace. This is because people (loka) are misled by a self (ātman) consisting of ignorance, through instruction that comprises mere fragments of conceptualization.

48. אדם בער המתאר את הנִרְוָאנָה סובל מבפנים ואינו מוצא שלווה. בעזרת הוראה של חלקי דמיון, העולם נותר שקוע בבורות.

Words meanings summery:

• निर्वाणं (nirvāṇaṁ) - final liberation, extinction, complete cessation (nirvāṇa)

• वर्णयन् (varṇayan) - attempting to describe or explain. (describing, explaining, praising)

• अज्ञः (ajñaḥ) - ignorant, foolish; an ignorant person

• ताप्यते (tāpyate) - he is tormented, he is afflicted, he suffers

• अन्तर् (antar) - internally, within oneself. (within, inside, in the middle, between)

• न (na) - not, no, nor

• शाम्यति (śāmyati) - finds peace. (he becomes calm, he is pacified, he ceases)

• कल्पना-अंश-उपदेशेन (kalpanā-aṁśa-upadeśena) - through instruction that comprises mere fragments of conceptualization. (by instruction consisting of a part of imagination)

• लोकः (lokaḥ) - people in general, humanity. (world, people, realm, space)

• अविद्या-मय-आत्मना (avidyā-maya-ātmanā) - by a self (ātman) fundamentally made of ignorance. (by a self consisting of ignorance)

Words meanings and morphology

निर्वाणं (nirvāṇaṁ) - final liberation, extinction, complete cessation (nirvāṇa)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of nirvāṇa

nirvāṇa - extinction, final liberation, release from saṃsāra, a state of perfect stillness and freedom (nirvāṇa)

From `nir` + `vā` (to blow out, to cease).

Prefix: nir

Root: vā (class 2)

Note: Object of `varṇayan`.

वर्णयन् (varṇayan) - attempting to describe or explain. (describing, explaining, praising)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of varṇayat

varṇayat - describing, explaining, praising

Present Active Participle

From causative of root `vṛ` (to choose, to cover) via `varṇ` (to describe).

Root: vṛ (class 5)

Note: Modifies `ajñaḥ`.

अज्ञः (ajñaḥ) - ignorant, foolish; an ignorant person

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ajña

ajña - ignorant, unknowing, foolish; an ignorant person

From `a` (not) + `jña` (knowing).

Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Subject of `tāpyate` and `śāmyati`.

ताप्यते (tāpyate) - he is tormented, he is afflicted, he suffers

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (laṭ) of tap

From root `tap`. Here in passive voice.

Root: tap (class 1)

अन्तर् (antar) - internally, within oneself. (within, inside, in the middle, between)

(indeclinable)

Adverbial or prepositional use.

न (na) - not, no, nor

(indeclinable)

Negative particle.

शाम्यति (śāmyati) - finds peace. (he becomes calm, he is pacified, he ceases)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of śam

From root `śam`, class 4.

Root: śam (class 4)

कल्पना-अंश-उपदेशेन (kalpanā-aṁśa-upadeśena) - through instruction that comprises mere fragments of conceptualization. (by instruction consisting of a part of imagination)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of kalpanā-aṃśa-upadeśa

kalpanā-aṁśa-upadeśa - instruction which is a part of imagination; partial instruction on conceptualization

Compound of `kalpanā`, `aṃśa`, and `upadeśa`.

Compound type : Tatpurusha (kalpanā+aṃśa+upadeśa)

• kalpanā – imagination, conceptualization, supposition, creation
  noun (feminine)
  From root `kḷp` (to fashion, to imagine).
  Root: kḷp (class 1)
• aṃśa – part, portion, share, fragment
  noun (masculine)
  From root `aṃś` (to divide).
  Root: aṃś (class 1)
• upadeśa – instruction, teaching, advice, initiation
  noun (masculine)
  From `upa` + `diś` (to point out, to instruct).
  Prefix: upa
  Root: diś (class 6)

Note: Indicates the means by which `lokaḥ` is affected.

लोकः (lokaḥ) - people in general, humanity. (world, people, realm, space)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of loka

loka - world, people, space, realm

From root `lok` (to see).

Root: lok (class 1)

Note: Subject of an implied verb like 'is misled' or 'is taught'.

अविद्या-मय-आत्मना (avidyā-maya-ātmanā) - by a self (ātman) fundamentally made of ignorance. (by a self consisting of ignorance)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of avidyā-maya-ātman

avidyā-maya-ātman - a self or nature consisting of ignorance (avidyā)

Compound of `avidyā`, `maya`, and `ātman`.

Compound type : Tatpurusha (avidyā+maya+ātman)

• avidyā – ignorance, nescience, spiritual ignorance (avidyā)
  noun (feminine)
  From `a` (not) + `vidyā` (knowledge).
  Root: vid (class 2)
• maya – made of, consisting of, full of
  suffix
  Taddhita suffix.
• ātman – self, soul, spirit, the Supreme Spirit, individual soul (ātman)
  noun (masculine)
  From root `an` (to breathe).
  Root: an (class 2)

Note: Agent or means. Refers to the intrinsic nature of the ignorant person.

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