योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-7, chapter-42, verse-48

निर्वाणं वर्णयन्नज्ञस्ताप्यतेऽन्तर्न शाम्यति ।
कल्पनांशोपदेशेन लोकोऽविद्यामयात्मना ॥ ४८ ॥

nirvāṇaṃ varṇayannajñastāpyate'ntarna śāmyati ,
kalpanāṃśopadeśena loko'vidyāmayātmanā 48

48. nirvāṇaṃ varṇayan ajñaḥ tāpyate antar na śāmyati
kalpanā-aṃśa-upadeśena lokaḥ avidyā-maya-ātmanā

48. ajñaḥ nirvāṇaṃ varṇayan antar tāpyate na śāmyati
lokaḥ avidyā-maya-ātmanā kalpanā-aṃśa-upadeśena

48. The ignorant person, attempting to describe final liberation (nirvāṇa), is tormented internally and finds no peace. This is because people (loka) are misled by a self (ātman) consisting of ignorance, through instruction that comprises mere fragments of conceptualization.

Words meanings summery:

• निर्वाणं (nirvāṇaṁ) - final liberation, extinction, complete cessation (nirvāṇa)

• वर्णयन् (varṇayan) - attempting to describe or explain. (describing, explaining, praising)

• अज्ञः (ajñaḥ) - ignorant, foolish; an ignorant person

• ताप्यते (tāpyate) - he is tormented, he is afflicted, he suffers

• अन्तर् (antar) - internally, within oneself. (within, inside, in the middle, between)

• न (na) - not, no, nor

• शाम्यति (śāmyati) - finds peace. (he becomes calm, he is pacified, he ceases)

• कल्पना-अंश-उपदेशेन (kalpanā-aṁśa-upadeśena) - through instruction that comprises mere fragments of conceptualization. (by instruction consisting of a part of imagination)

• लोकः (lokaḥ) - people in general, humanity. (world, people, realm, space)

• अविद्या-मय-आत्मना (avidyā-maya-ātmanā) - by a self (ātman) fundamentally made of ignorance. (by a self consisting of ignorance)

Words meanings and morphology

निर्वाणं (nirvāṇaṁ) - final liberation, extinction, complete cessation (nirvāṇa)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of nirvāṇa

nirvāṇa - extinction, final liberation, release from saṃsāra, a state of perfect stillness and freedom (nirvāṇa)

From `nir` + `vā` (to blow out, to cease).

Prefix: nir

Root: vā (class 2)

Note: Object of `varṇayan`.

वर्णयन् (varṇayan) - attempting to describe or explain. (describing, explaining, praising)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of varṇayat

varṇayat - describing, explaining, praising

Present Active Participle

From causative of root `vṛ` (to choose, to cover) via `varṇ` (to describe).

Root: vṛ (class 5)

Note: Modifies `ajñaḥ`.

अज्ञः (ajñaḥ) - ignorant, foolish; an ignorant person

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ajña

ajña - ignorant, unknowing, foolish; an ignorant person

From `a` (not) + `jña` (knowing).

Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Subject of `tāpyate` and `śāmyati`.

ताप्यते (tāpyate) - he is tormented, he is afflicted, he suffers

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (laṭ) of tap

From root `tap`. Here in passive voice.

Root: tap (class 1)

अन्तर् (antar) - internally, within oneself. (within, inside, in the middle, between)

(indeclinable)

Adverbial or prepositional use.

न (na) - not, no, nor

(indeclinable)

Negative particle.

शाम्यति (śāmyati) - finds peace. (he becomes calm, he is pacified, he ceases)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of śam

From root `śam`, class 4.

Root: śam (class 4)

कल्पना-अंश-उपदेशेन (kalpanā-aṁśa-upadeśena) - through instruction that comprises mere fragments of conceptualization. (by instruction consisting of a part of imagination)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of kalpanā-aṃśa-upadeśa

kalpanā-aṁśa-upadeśa - instruction which is a part of imagination; partial instruction on conceptualization

Compound of `kalpanā`, `aṃśa`, and `upadeśa`.

Compound type : Tatpurusha (kalpanā+aṃśa+upadeśa)

• kalpanā – imagination, conceptualization, supposition, creation
  noun (feminine)
  From root `kḷp` (to fashion, to imagine).
  Root: kḷp (class 1)
• aṃśa – part, portion, share, fragment
  noun (masculine)
  From root `aṃś` (to divide).
  Root: aṃś (class 1)
• upadeśa – instruction, teaching, advice, initiation
  noun (masculine)
  From `upa` + `diś` (to point out, to instruct).
  Prefix: upa
  Root: diś (class 6)

Note: Indicates the means by which `lokaḥ` is affected.

लोकः (lokaḥ) - people in general, humanity. (world, people, realm, space)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of loka

loka - world, people, space, realm

From root `lok` (to see).

Root: lok (class 1)

Note: Subject of an implied verb like 'is misled' or 'is taught'.

अविद्या-मय-आत्मना (avidyā-maya-ātmanā) - by a self (ātman) fundamentally made of ignorance. (by a self consisting of ignorance)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of avidyā-maya-ātman

avidyā-maya-ātman - a self or nature consisting of ignorance (avidyā)

Compound of `avidyā`, `maya`, and `ātman`.

Compound type : Tatpurusha (avidyā+maya+ātman)

• avidyā – ignorance, nescience, spiritual ignorance (avidyā)
  noun (feminine)
  From `a` (not) + `vidyā` (knowledge).
  Root: vid (class 2)
• maya – made of, consisting of, full of
  suffix
  Taddhita suffix.
• ātman – self, soul, spirit, the Supreme Spirit, individual soul (ātman)
  noun (masculine)
  From root `an` (to breathe).
  Root: an (class 2)

Note: Agent or means. Refers to the intrinsic nature of the ignorant person.