योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-7, chapter-42, verse-35

विवेक एव तत्कस्मात्स्फुटमन्तर्न साध्यते ।
यथाभूतार्थविज्ञानाद्वासनोपरमे परे ॥ ३५ ॥

viveka eva tatkasmātsphuṭamantarna sādhyate ,
yathābhūtārthavijñānādvāsanoparame pare 35

35. viveka eva tat kasmāt sphuṭam antar na sādhyate
yathābhūtārthavijñānāt vāsanoparame pare

35. tat kasmāt vivekaḥ eva antar sphuṭam na sādhyate
yathābhūtārthavijñānāt pare vāsanoparame

35. If this is the case, why then is discriminative wisdom (viveka) not clearly achieved within? [It is achieved] from the knowledge of things as they truly are, and upon the supreme cessation of latent impressions (vāsanā).

Words meanings summery:

• विवेक (viveka) - discriminative wisdom (viveka) (discrimination, discernment, discriminative wisdom)

• एव (eva) - indeed (indeed, only, just, exactly)

• तत् (tat) - then, therefore (that, therefore, then)

• कस्मात् (kasmāt) - why? (why? from what? from which?)

• स्फुटम् (sphuṭam) - clearly (clearly, distinctly, manifest, evident)

• अन्तर् (antar) - within, internally (within, internally, inside)

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• साध्यते (sādhyate) - is achieved (is achieved, is accomplished, is perfected)

• यथाभूतार्थविज्ञानात् (yathābhūtārthavijñānāt) - from the knowledge of things as they truly are

• वासनोपरमे (vāsanoparame) - upon the cessation of latent impressions (vāsanā) (upon the cessation of latent impressions, at the cessation of vāsanā)

• परे (pare) - supreme (supreme, highest, ultimate, excellent)

Words meanings and morphology

विवेक (viveka) - discriminative wisdom (viveka) (discrimination, discernment, discriminative wisdom)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of viveka

viveka - discrimination, discernment, judgment, discriminative wisdom

From root 'vic' (to separate, discern) with prefix 'vi'.

Prefix: vi

Root: vic (class 7)

Note: Subject of 'sādhyate'.

एव (eva) - indeed (indeed, only, just, exactly)

(indeclinable)

Emphatic particle.

Note: Emphasizes 'viveka'.

तत् (tat) - then, therefore (that, therefore, then)

(indeclinable)

Demonstrative pronoun used here as an indeclinable adverb.

Note: Functions as an adverb connecting to the previous statement.

कस्मात् (kasmāt) - why? (why? from what? from which?)

(indeclinable)

Ablative singular of 'kim' (what), used adverbially to mean 'why'.

Note: Forms an interrogative adverb.

स्फुटम् (sphuṭam) - clearly (clearly, distinctly, manifest, evident)

(indeclinable)

Past Passive Participle

From root 'sphuṭ' (to burst, open), suffix '-ta'. Used adverbially in the neuter accusative singular.

Root: sphuṭ (class 6)

Note: Modifies 'sādhyate'.

अन्तर् (antar) - within, internally (within, internally, inside)

(indeclinable)

Preposition/Adverb.

Note: Adverb of place.

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

Negative particle.

Note: Negates the verb 'sādhyate'.

साध्यते (sādhyate) - is achieved (is achieved, is accomplished, is perfected)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present indicative (laṭ) of sādh

From root 'sādh' (to accomplish), in the passive voice.

Root: sādh (class 5)

Note: Verb for 'viveka'.

यथाभूतार्थविज्ञानात् (yathābhūtārthavijñānāt) - from the knowledge of things as they truly are

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of yathābhūtārthavijñāna

yathābhūtārthavijñāna - knowledge of reality, understanding of truth, knowledge of things as they truly are

Compound of 'yathābhūtārtha' (things as they truly are) and 'vijñāna' (knowledge).

Compound type : tatpurusha (yathābhūtārtha+vijñāna)

• yathābhūtārtha – things as they truly are, reality
  noun (masculine)
  Compound of 'yathābhūta' (as it has become, real) and 'artha' (meaning, thing).
  Prefix: yathā
• vijñāna – knowledge, understanding, discernment, insight
  noun (neuter)
  Derived noun
  From prefix 'vi' + root 'jñā' (to know), with suffix '-ana'.
  Prefix: vi
  Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Expresses cause or origin for the achievement of viveka.

वासनोपरमे (vāsanoparame) - upon the cessation of latent impressions (vāsanā) (upon the cessation of latent impressions, at the cessation of vāsanā)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of vāsanoparama

vāsanoparama - cessation of latent impressions (vāsanā)

Tatpurusha compound of 'vāsanā' (latent impression) and 'uparama' (cessation).

Compound type : tatpurusha (vāsanā+uparama)

• vāsanā – latent impression, mental predisposition, subtle desire
  noun (feminine)
  From root 'vas' (to dwell) with suffix 'ana'.
  Root: vas (class 1)
• uparama – cessation, desisting, stopping, quietude
  noun (masculine)
  Derived noun
  From prefix 'upa' + root 'ram' (to stop), with suffix 'a'.
  Prefix: upa
  Root: ram (class 1)

Note: Indicates the condition under which viveka is achieved.

परे (pare) - supreme (supreme, highest, ultimate, excellent)

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of para

para - supreme, highest, ultimate, excellent, other, beyond

Note: Qualifies 'vāsanoparame'.