योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-6, chapter-52, verse-37

य एनं वेत्ति हन्तारं यश्चैनं मन्यते हतम् ।
उभौ तौ न विजानीतो नायं हन्ति न हन्यते ॥ ३७ ॥

ya enaṃ vetti hantāraṃ yaścainaṃ manyate hatam ,
ubhau tau na vijānīto nāyaṃ hanti na hanyate 37

37. yaḥ enam vetti hantāram yaḥ ca enam manyate hatam
ubhau tau na vijānītaḥ na ayam hanti na hanyate

37. yaḥ enam hantāram vetti,
yaḥ ca enam hatam manyate,
tau ubhau na vijānītaḥ.
ayam na hanti na hanyate

37. Both he who believes this (ātman) to be a slayer and he who believes it to be slain do not understand. For this (ātman) neither slays nor is slain.

Words meanings summery:

• यः (yaḥ) - who, whoever

• एनम् (enam) - this (ātman) (this, him, it)

• वेत्ति (vetti) - knows, understands

• हन्तारम् (hantāram) - slayer, killer

• यः (yaḥ) - who, whoever

• च (ca) - and, also

• एनम् (enam) - this (ātman) (this, him, it)

• मन्यते (manyate) - thinks, considers, believes

• हतम् (hatam) - slain, killed

• उभौ (ubhau) - both

• तौ (tau) - those two, they (dual)

• न (na) - not, no

• विजानीतः (vijānītaḥ) - do not understand (understand, know)

• न (na) - not, no

• अयम् (ayam) - this (ātman) (this, this one)

• हन्ति (hanti) - slays, kills

• न (na) - not, no

• हन्यते (hanyate) - is slain, is killed

Words meanings and morphology

यः (yaḥ) - who, whoever

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - which, who

Note: Relative pronoun, subject of 'vetti'.

एनम् (enam) - this (ātman) (this, him, it)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ena

ena - this, that

Pronominal stem, accusative case.

Note: Object. Refers to the ātman.

वेत्ति (vetti) - knows, understands

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of vid

From root √vid, class 2

Root: vid (class 2)

Note: Main verb of the first clause.

हन्तारम् (hantāram) - slayer, killer

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of hantṛ

hantṛ - slayer, killer, destroyer

agent noun

Formed from root √han + agent suffix -tṛ

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Object complement of 'vetti', refers to the ātman.

यः (yaḥ) - who, whoever

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - which, who

Note: Relative pronoun, subject of 'manyate'.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects the two clauses.

एनम् (enam) - this (ātman) (this, him, it)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ena

ena - this, that

Pronominal stem, accusative case.

Note: Object. Refers to the ātman.

मन्यते (manyate) - thinks, considers, believes

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of man

From root √man, class 4, middle voice

Root: man (class 4)

Note: Main verb of the second clause.

हतम् (hatam) - slain, killed

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of hata

hata - slain, killed, struck

past passive participle

From root √han

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Object complement of 'manyate', refers to the ātman.

उभौ (ubhau) - both

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of ubha

ubha - both

Note: Refers to 'yaḥ' and 'yaḥ ca'.

तौ (tau) - those two, they (dual)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of tad

tad - that, he

Note: Correlative to 'yaḥ' and 'yaḥ ca'.

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

Note: Negates 'vijānītaḥ'.

विजानीतः (vijānītaḥ) - do not understand (understand, know)

(verb)

3rd person , dual, active, present (laṭ) of vijñā

From root √jñā with prefix vi, class 9

Prefix: vi

Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Refers to 'ubhau tau'.

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

Note: Negates 'hanti'.

अयम् (ayam) - this (ātman) (this, this one)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this

Note: Subject. Refers to the ātman.

हन्ति (hanti) - slays, kills

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of han

From root √han, class 2

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Refers to the ātman.

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

Note: Negates 'hanyate'.

हन्यते (hanyate) - is slain, is killed

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (laṭ) of han

passive present

Passive form of root √han, class 2

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Refers to the ātman.