योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-6, chapter-52, verse-17

भगवान्स यमः किंचिद्गते प्रतिचतुर्युगे ।
तपः प्रकुरुते भूतदलनात्पापशङ्कया ॥ १७ ॥

bhagavānsa yamaḥ kiṃcidgate praticaturyuge ,
tapaḥ prakurute bhūtadalanātpāpaśaṅkayā 17

17. bhagavān saḥ yamaḥ kiñcit gate prati-caturyuge
tapaḥ prakurute bhūta-dalanāt pāpa-śaṅkayā

17. saḥ bhagavān yamaḥ kiñcit prati-caturyuge gate
bhūta-dalanāt pāpa-śaṅkayā tapaḥ prakurute

17. Lord Yama, when a certain period has passed in each cycle of four ages (caturyuga), undertakes austerity (tapas) out of apprehension of sin stemming from the destruction of beings.

17. בכל מחזור של ארבעה עידנים, כעבור זמן מה, האל יָמַה עוסק בסיגוף לטיפוח עוצמה רוחנית מחשש לחטא הנובע מהכחדת היצורים.

Words meanings summery:

• भगवान् (bhagavān) - divine, glorious, blessed, Lord

• सः (saḥ) - he, that

• यमः (yamaḥ) - Yama (the god of death and justice)

• किञ्चित् (kiñcit) - some, a little, something, a certain

• गते (gate) - having gone, passed, elapsed

• प्रति-चतुर्युगे (prati-caturyuge) - in each cycle of four ages (caturyuga)

• तपः (tapaḥ) - austerity (tapas), penance, heat

• प्रकुरुते (prakurute) - he performs, he undertakes, he does

• भूत-दलनात् (bhūta-dalanāt) - from the crushing/destruction of beings

• पाप-शङ्कया (pāpa-śaṅkayā) - out of fear of sin, by apprehension of sin

Words meanings and morphology

भगवान् (bhagavān) - divine, glorious, blessed, Lord

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhagavat

bhagavat - divine, glorious, blessed, venerable, Lord, God

Root: bhaj (class 1)

सः (saḥ) - he, that

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

यमः (yamaḥ) - Yama (the god of death and justice)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yama

yama - Yama, controller, restraint, twin

Root: yam (class 1)

किञ्चित् (kiñcit) - some, a little, something, a certain

(indeclinable)

गते (gate) - having gone, passed, elapsed

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, singular of gata

gata - gone, passed, departed, elapsed

Past Passive Participle

Derived from verb root gam

Root: gam (class 1)

प्रति-चतुर्युगे (prati-caturyuge) - in each cycle of four ages (caturyuga)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of prati-caturyuga

prati-caturyuga - each cycle of four ages

Compound type : avyayībhāva (prati+caturyuga)

• prati – towards, regarding, for each
  indeclinable
• caturyuga – a cycle of four ages (Kṛta, Tretā, Dvāpara, Kali)
  noun (neuter)

तपः (tapaḥ) - austerity (tapas), penance, heat

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tapas

tapas - heat, warmth, spiritual austerity, penance, self-discipline

Root: tap (class 1)

प्रकुरुते (prakurute) - he performs, he undertakes, he does

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of kṛ

Prefix: pra

Root: kṛ (class 8)

भूत-दलनात् (bhūta-dalanāt) - from the crushing/destruction of beings

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of bhūta-dalana

bhūta-dalana - crushing/destruction of beings

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (bhūta+dalana)

• bhūta – being, creature, element, past
  noun (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from verb root bhū
  Root: bhū (class 1)
• dalana – crushing, breaking, suppressing, splitting
  noun (neuter)
  Root: dal (class 1)

पाप-शङ्कया (pāpa-śaṅkayā) - out of fear of sin, by apprehension of sin

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of pāpa-śaṅkā

pāpa-śaṅkā - fear of sin, apprehension of sin

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (pāpa+śaṅkā)

• pāpa – sin, evil, wickedness
  noun (neuter)
• śaṅkā – fear, apprehension, doubt, suspicion
  noun (feminine)
  Root: śaṅk (class 1)

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