योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-5, chapter-2, verse-21

भोगास्त्यक्तुं न शक्यन्ते तत्त्यागेन विना वयम् ।
प्रभवामो न विपदामहो संकटमागतम् ॥ २१ ॥

bhogāstyaktuṃ na śakyante tattyāgena vinā vayam ,
prabhavāmo na vipadāmaho saṃkaṭamāgatam 21

21. bhogāḥ tyaktum na śakyante tat-tyāgena vinā
vayam prabhavāmaḥ na vipadām aho saṅkaṭam āgatam

21. bhogāḥ tyaktum न śakyante.
tat-tyāgena vinā vayam vipadām न prabhavāmaḥ.
aho saṅkaṭam āgatam.

21. Sensory enjoyments cannot be abandoned. Yet, without abandoning them, we cannot overcome dangers. Alas, what a crisis has arisen!

Words meanings summery:

• भोगाः (bhogāḥ) - enjoyments, pleasures, sensory objects

• त्यक्तुम् (tyaktum) - to abandon, to renounce, to give up

• न (na) - not, no

• शक्यन्ते (śakyante) - they can be abandoned (they are able, can be done)

• तत्-त्यागेन (tat-tyāgena) - by the abandonment of those (sensory enjoyments) (by the abandonment of that (those))

• विना (vinā) - without, except

• वयम् (vayam) - we

• प्रभवामः (prabhavāmaḥ) - we are able to overcome (we are able, we arise, we proceed)

• न (na) - not, no

• विपदाम् (vipadām) - of dangers, of calamities

• अहो (aho) - Expresses lamentation or surprise. (oh!, alas!, ah!)

• सङ्कटम् (saṅkaṭam) - a grave crisis (distress, difficulty, crisis)

• आगतम् (āgatam) - has arisen, has arrived (arrived, come)

Words meanings and morphology

भोगाः (bhogāḥ) - enjoyments, pleasures, sensory objects

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of bhoga

bhoga - enjoyment, pleasure, experience, sensory object, possession

Root: bhuj (class 7)

Note: Subject of śakyante.

त्यक्तुम् (tyaktum) - to abandon, to renounce, to give up

(indeclinable)

Infinitive

Infinitive form of root 'tyaj'

Root: tyaj (class 1)

Note: Used with śakyante for 'cannot be abandoned'.

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

Note: Negates the verb.

शक्यन्ते (śakyante) - they can be abandoned (they are able, can be done)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, passive, present (laṭ) of śak

Root: śak (class 5)

Note: Used impersonally with the infinitive 'tyaktum'.

तत्-त्यागेन (tat-tyāgena) - by the abandonment of those (sensory enjoyments) (by the abandonment of that (those))

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of tat-tyāga

tat-tyāga - abandonment of that/those

Compound type : tatpurusha (tad+tyāga)

• tad – that, those
  pronoun (neuter)
• tyāga – abandonment, renunciation, giving up
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root 'tyaj' (to abandon)
  Root: tyaj (class 1)

Note: Used with vinā.

विना (vinā) - without, except

(indeclinable)

Note: Governs instrumental case tat-tyāgena.

वयम् (vayam) - we

(pronoun)

Nominative, plural of asmad

asmad - we, us

Note: Subject of prabhavāmaḥ.

प्रभवामः (prabhavāmaḥ) - we are able to overcome (we are able, we arise, we proceed)

(verb)

1st person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of prabhū

Prefix: pra

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Takes genitive for that which is to be overcome (vipadām).

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

Note: Negates prabhavāmaḥ.

विपदाम् (vipadām) - of dangers, of calamities

(noun)

Genitive, feminine, plural of vipad

vipad - calamity, misfortune, adversity, danger

Root: pad (class 4)

Note: Governed by prabhavāmaḥ (to be able of/to overcome).

अहो (aho) - Expresses lamentation or surprise. (oh!, alas!, ah!)

(indeclinable)

Note: Exclamatory particle.

सङ्कटम् (saṅkaṭam) - a grave crisis (distress, difficulty, crisis)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of saṅkaṭa

saṅkaṭa - distress, danger, difficulty, crisis, narrowness

Note: Subject of āgatam.

आगतम् (āgatam) - has arisen, has arrived (arrived, come)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of āgata

āgata - arrived, come, returned, obtained

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'gam' (to go) with prefix 'ā'

Prefix: ā

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Functions as a predicate verb ('has come').