योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-3, chapter-98, verse-40

बहवस्तादृशा दृष्टाः पुरुषा दोषकारिणः ।
मत्पृष्टाः केचिदायान्ति स्वप्नसंभ्रमवच्छमम् ॥ ४० ॥

bahavastādṛśā dṛṣṭāḥ puruṣā doṣakāriṇaḥ ,
matpṛṣṭāḥ kecidāyānti svapnasaṃbhramavacchamam 40

40. bahavaḥ tādṛśāḥ dṛṣṭāḥ puruṣāḥ doṣakāriṇaḥ |
matpṛṣṭāḥ kecit āyānti svapnasaṃbhramavat śamam

40. bahavaḥ tādṛśāḥ doṣakāriṇaḥ puruṣāḥ dṛṣṭāḥ (mayā)
matpṛṣṭāḥ kecit svapnasaṃbhramavat śamam āyānti

40. Many such fault-doers were seen. Some of them, when questioned by me, attain tranquility (śama) as if waking from dream-like confusion.

Words meanings summery:

• बहवः (bahavaḥ) - many, numerous

• तादृशाः (tādṛśāḥ) - similar to the foolish person mentioned earlier (such, of that kind, similar)

• दृष्टाः (dṛṣṭāḥ) - were seen (by me) (seen, observed)

• पुरुषाः (puruṣāḥ) - persons, men, individuals

• दोषकारिणः (doṣakāriṇaḥ) - fault-doers, evil-doers, perpetrators of wrong

• मत्पृष्टाः (matpṛṣṭāḥ) - questioned by me

• केचित् (kecit) - some (people)

• आयान्ति (āyānti) - they come, they approach, they attain

• स्वप्नसंभ्रमवत् (svapnasaṁbhramavat) - as if from dream-like confusion (like the confusion of a dream, like dream-like bewilderment)

• शमम् (śamam) - tranquility, peace (to tranquility, to peace, to cessation)

Words meanings and morphology

बहवः (bahavaḥ) - many, numerous

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of bahu

bahu - much, many, numerous, abundant

Note: Agrees with 'puruṣāḥ'.

तादृशाः (tādṛśāḥ) - similar to the foolish person mentioned earlier (such, of that kind, similar)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tādṛśa

tādṛśa - such, of that kind, similar

Note: Agrees with 'puruṣāḥ', referring to the type of foolish person previously described.

दृष्टाः (dṛṣṭāḥ) - were seen (by me) (seen, observed)

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, plural of dṛṣṭa

dṛṣṭa - seen, observed, perceived

Past Passive Participle

Derived from verb root dṛś (to see).

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'puruṣāḥ'; the agent 'mayā' (by me) is implied from the previous verse.

पुरुषाः (puruṣāḥ) - persons, men, individuals

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of puruṣa

puruṣa - man, person, male; the Supreme Cosmic Person (puruṣa)

Note: The subjects who were seen.

दोषकारिणः (doṣakāriṇaḥ) - fault-doers, evil-doers, perpetrators of wrong

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of doṣakārin

doṣakārin - fault-doer, evil-doer, perpetrator of wrong

Compound type : tatpurusha (doṣa+kārin)

• doṣa – fault, defect, sin, wrong
  noun (masculine)
• kārin – doing, making, causing, active
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent Noun
  Derived from root kṛ (to do, make).
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Agrees with 'puruṣāḥ', describing their nature.

मत्पृष्टाः (matpṛṣṭāḥ) - questioned by me

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, plural of matpṛṣṭa

matpṛṣṭa - questioned by me

Past Passive Participle (compound)

Compound of mat (by me) and pṛṣṭa (questioned).

Compound type : tatpurusha (mad+pṛṣṭa)

• mad – by me
  pronoun
• pṛṣṭa – questioned, asked
  participle
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from verb root prach (to ask).
  Root: prach (class 6)

Note: Describes 'kecit'.

केचित् (kecit) - some (people)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of kaścit

kaścit - someone, some, any

Note: Subject of 'āyānti'.

आयान्ति (āyānti) - they come, they approach, they attain

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of āyā

Present Active Indicative

3rd person plural, present tense, active voice, parasmaipada. From root yā (to go) with upasarga ā-.

Prefix: ā

Root: yā (class 2)

Note: Verb for the action of 'kecit'.

स्वप्नसंभ्रमवत् (svapnasaṁbhramavat) - as if from dream-like confusion (like the confusion of a dream, like dream-like bewilderment)

(indeclinable)

Suffix -vat indicating 'like, as if'.

Compound type : tatpurusha (svapna+saṃbhrama)

• svapna – sleep, dream
  noun (masculine)
• saṃbhrama – confusion, agitation, bewilderment, haste
  noun (masculine)
  Prefixes: sam+bhrama
  Root: bhram (class 1)

Note: Functions as an adverbial phrase modifying 'āyānti śamam'.

शमम् (śamam) - tranquility, peace (to tranquility, to peace, to cessation)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of śama

śama - tranquility, peace, cessation, calmness (śama)

Root: śam (class 4)

Note: Object of 'āyānti', indicating the state attained.