योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-3, chapter-98, verse-39

आः पाप दुर्द्विजेत्युक्त्वा स्वव्यापारपरो ययौ ।
अथ तस्मिन्महारण्ये तथा विहरता मया ॥ ३९ ॥

āḥ pāpa durdvijetyuktvā svavyāpāraparo yayau ,
atha tasminmahāraṇye tathā viharatā mayā 39

39. āḥ pāpa durdvija iti uktvā svavyāpāraparaḥ yayau
| atha tasmin mahāraṇye tathā viharatā mayā

39. iti āḥ pāpa durdvija uktvā saḥ svavyāpāraparaḥ
yayau atha mayā tasmin mahāraṇye tathā viharatā

39. 'Ah, wicked one! O degenerate twice-born!' Having thus spoken, he departed, intent on his own affairs. Then, while I was thus wandering in that great forest...

Words meanings summery:

• आः (āḥ) - alas! ah! oh!

• पाप (pāpa) - O wicked one! O sinful one!

• दुर्द्विज (durdvija) - O degenerate twice-born! O bad Brahmin!

• इति (iti) - quotation marker (thus, in this way)

• उक्त्वा (uktvā) - having said, having spoken

• स्वव्यापारपरः (svavyāpāraparaḥ) - intent on his own business/affairs

• ययौ (yayau) - went, departed

• अथ (atha) - now, then, thereupon

• तस्मिन् (tasmin) - in that

• महारण्ये (mahāraṇye) - in the great forest

• तथा (tathā) - thus, in that way, similarly

• विहरत (viharata) - by me wandering, by me roaming

• मया (mayā) - by me

Words meanings and morphology

आः (āḥ) - alas! ah! oh!

(indeclinable)

Note: An interjection expressing disdain or anger, part of the direct quote.

पाप (pāpa) - O wicked one! O sinful one!

(adjective)

Vocative, masculine, singular of pāpa

pāpa - wicked, evil, sinful; sin, vice

Note: Direct address by the foolish person to the narrator.

दुर्द्विज (durdvija) - O degenerate twice-born! O bad Brahmin!

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of durdvija

durdvija - bad twice-born, degenerate Brahmin

Compound type : tatpurusha (dur+dvija)

• dur – bad, difficult, ill
  prefix
• dvija – twice-born (Brahmin, Kshatriya, Vaishya; bird, tooth)
  noun (masculine)

Note: Direct address by the foolish person to the narrator, referring to him as a Brahmin.

इति (iti) - quotation marker (thus, in this way)

(indeclinable)

Note: Marks the end of a direct quotation.

उक्त्वा (uktvā) - having said, having spoken

(indeclinable participle)

Note: Indicates an action completed by the foolish person before departing.

स्वव्यापारपरः (svavyāpāraparaḥ) - intent on his own business/affairs

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of svavyāpārapara

svavyāpārapara - intent on one's own business, devoted to one's own work

Compound type : tatpurusha (sva+vyāpāra+para)

• sva – own, self
  pronoun
• vyāpāra – business, occupation, activity, engagement
  noun (masculine)
  Prefixes: vi+ā
  Root: pṛ (class 3)
• para – intent on, devoted to, supreme, other
  adjective

Note: Describes the foolish person who departed.

ययौ (yayau) - went, departed

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of yā

Perfect Active Indicative

3rd person singular, perfect tense, active voice, parasmaipada.

Root: yā (class 2)

Note: Verb for the foolish person's departure.

अथ (atha) - now, then, thereupon

(indeclinable)

Note: Marks a transition in the narrative.

तस्मिन् (tasmin) - in that

(pronoun)

Locative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Agrees with 'mahāraṇye'.

महारण्ये (mahāraṇye) - in the great forest

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of mahāraṇya

mahāraṇya - great forest, large wilderness

Compound type : karmadharaya (mahat+araṇya)

• mahat – great, large, vast
  adjective
• araṇya – forest, wilderness
  noun (neuter)

Note: Location where the narrator was wandering.

तथा (tathā) - thus, in that way, similarly

(indeclinable)

विहरत (viharata) - by me wandering, by me roaming

(participle)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of vihar

vihar - to wander, roam, recreate, dwell

Present Active Participle

Derived from verb root hṛ (to take, carry) with upasarga vi-.

Prefix: vi

Root: hṛ (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'mayā', indicating the action of the narrator while in the forest.

मया (mayā) - by me

(pronoun)

Instrumental, singular of aham

aham - I

Note: Agent of the participle 'viharata'.