वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-7, chapter-5, verse-16

तैर्वध्यमानास्त्रिदशाः सर्षिसंघाः सचारणाः ।
त्रातारं नाधिगच्छन्ति निरयस्था यथा नराः ॥१६॥

16. tairvadhyamānāstridaśāḥ sarṣisaṃghāḥ sacāraṇāḥ ,
trātāraṃ nādhigacchanti nirayasthā yathā narāḥ.

16. taiḥ vadhyamānāḥ tridaśāḥ sarṣisaṃghāḥ sacāraṇāḥ
trātāram na adhigacchanti nirayasthāḥ yathā narāḥ

16. The gods, being slain by them (the Rakshasas), along with the groups of sages and the Cāraṇas, do not find a protector, just like men who are in hell.

Words meanings summery:

• तैः (taiḥ) - by the Rakshasas (by them)

• वध्यमानाः (vadhyamānāḥ) - being slain, being killed

• त्रिदशाः (tridaśāḥ) - the gods, deities

• सर्षिसंघाः (sarṣisaṁghāḥ) - accompanied by groups of sages

• सचारणाः (sacāraṇāḥ) - accompanied by Cāraṇas

• त्रातारम् (trātāram) - a protector, saviour

• न (na) - not, no

• अधिगच्छन्ति (adhigacchanti) - they find, they reach, they obtain

• निरयस्थाः (nirayasthāḥ) - those standing in hell, those in hell

• यथा (yathā) - just as, as, according to

• नराः (narāḥ) - men, people

Words meanings and morphology

तैः (taiḥ) - by the Rakshasas (by them)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

Note: Refers to the Rakshasas from the previous verse.

वध्यमानाः (vadhyamānāḥ) - being slain, being killed

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vadhyamāna

vadhyamāna - being killed, being slain

Present Passive Participle

Derived from root han (to strike, kill) in passive voice, with suffix -māna. Root han changes to vadha in passive forms.

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Qualifies 'tridaśāḥ', 'sarṣisaṃghāḥ', and 'sacāraṇāḥ'.

त्रिदशाः (tridaśāḥ) - the gods, deities

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tridaśa

tridaśa - god, deity (literally 'having thirty')

Compound of tri (three) and daśa (ten). Refers to the thirty-three deities.

Compound type : bahuvrihi (tri+daśa)

• tri – three
  numeral
• daśa – ten
  numeral

Note: Subject of the sentence.

सर्षिसंघाः (sarṣisaṁghāḥ) - accompanied by groups of sages

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sarṣisaṃgha

sarṣisaṁgha - accompanied by groups of sages

Bahuvrihi compound 'sa' (with) + 'ṛṣisaṃgha' (group of sages)

Compound type : bahuvrihi (sa+ṛṣisaṃgha)

• sa – with, together with, having
  indeclinable
• ṛṣisaṃgha – group of sages, assembly of rishis
  noun (masculine)
  Compound of ṛṣi (sage) and saṃgha (group)

Note: Qualifies 'tridaśāḥ'.

सचारणाः (sacāraṇāḥ) - accompanied by Cāraṇas

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sacāraṇa

sacāraṇa - accompanied by Cāraṇas

Bahuvrihi compound 'sa' (with) + 'cāraṇa' (Cāraṇas)

Compound type : bahuvrihi (sa+cāraṇa)

• sa – with, together with, having
  indeclinable
• cāraṇa – Cāraṇa (a class of celestial beings, bards, musicians)
  proper noun (masculine)
  From root car (to wander)
  Root: car (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'tridaśāḥ'.

त्रातारम् (trātāram) - a protector, saviour

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of trātṛ

trātṛ - protector, saviour

Agent noun

Derived from root trā (to protect)

Root: trā (class 2)

Note: Direct object of 'adhigacchanti'.

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

Note: Negates the verb.

अधिगच्छन्ति (adhigacchanti) - they find, they reach, they obtain

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of adhi-gam

From root gam (1st class), 3rd person plural present tense

Prefix: adhi

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Main verb of the sentence.

निरयस्थाः (nirayasthāḥ) - those standing in hell, those in hell

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of nirayastha

nirayastha - standing in hell, located in hell

Compound of niraya (hell) and stha (standing, being)

Compound type : tatpurusha (niraya+stha)

• niraya – hell, purgatory
  noun (masculine)
• stha – standing, being, located in
  adjective (masculine)
  From root sthā (to stand)
  Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'narāḥ'.

यथा (yathā) - just as, as, according to

(indeclinable)

Note: Introduces a comparison.

नराः (narāḥ) - men, people

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of nara

nara - man, human being, person

Note: Subject of the comparison.