वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-7, chapter-5, verse-10

सत्यार्जवदमोपेतैस्तपोभिर्भुवि दुष्करैः ।
संतापयन्तस्त्रींल् लोकान् सदेवासुरमानुषान् ॥१०॥

10. satyārjavadamopetaistapobhirbhuvi duṣkaraiḥ ,
saṃtāpayantastrīṃl lokān sadevāsuramānuṣān.

10. satyārjavadamopetaiḥ tapobhiḥ bhuvi duṣkaraiḥ
saṃtāpayantaḥ trīn lokān sadevāsuramānuṣān

10. satyārjavadamopetaiḥ bhuvi duṣkaraiḥ tapobhiḥ trīn
sadevāsuramānuṣān lokān saṃtāpayantaḥ (rāksasāḥ āsan)

10. By means of austerities (tapas) characterized by truthfulness, honesty, and self-control, and which were difficult to perform on earth, they tormented the three worlds, including gods, asuras, and humans.

Words meanings summery:

• सत्यार्जवदमोपेतैः (satyārjavadamopetaiḥ) - endowed with truth, straightforwardness, and self-control

• तपोभिः (tapobhiḥ) - by austerities, by penances

• भुवि (bhuvi) - on earth, in the world

• दुष्करैः (duṣkaraiḥ) - difficult to perform, hard to accomplish

• संतापयन्तः (saṁtāpayantaḥ) - tormenting, distressing

• त्रीन् (trīn) - three

• लोकान् (lokān) - worlds, realms

• सदेवासुरमानुषान् (sadevāsuramānuṣān) - with gods, asuras, and humans

Words meanings and morphology

सत्यार्जवदमोपेतैः (satyārjavadamopetaiḥ) - endowed with truth, straightforwardness, and self-control

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of satyārjavadamopeta

satyārjavadamopeta - endowed with truth, sincerity, and self-control

Compound ending in `upeta` (endowed with), formed from `satya` (truth), `ārjava` (straightforwardness), `dama` (self-control).

Compound type : tatpurusha (satya+ārjava+dama+upeta)

• satya – truth, reality
  noun (neuter)
  Root: as (class 2)
• ārjava – straightforwardness, honesty, sincerity
  noun (neuter)
  Derived from ṛju.
• dama – self-control, restraint
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root `dam`.
  Root: dam (class 4)
• upeta – endowed with, possessing, approached
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root `i` with prefix `upa`.
  Prefix: upa
  Root: i (class 2)

Note: Agrees with `tapobhiḥ`.

तपोभिः (tapobhiḥ) - by austerities, by penances

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, plural of tapas

tapas - religious austerity, penance, heat

Root: tap (class 1)

भुवि (bhuvi) - on earth, in the world

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of bhū

bhū - earth, ground, world

Root: bhū (class 1)

दुष्करैः (duṣkaraiḥ) - difficult to perform, hard to accomplish

(adjective)

Instrumental, neuter, plural of duṣkara

duṣkara - difficult to do, hard to accomplish

Gerundive (kṛtya)

Formed with `dus` (difficult) and `kara` (doer/to be done).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (dus+kara)

• dus – bad, difficult, ill-
  indeclinable
  Prefix/indeclinable.
• kara – making, doing, causing (agent suffix or derived from kṛ)
  noun (masculine)
  From root `kṛ`.
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Agrees with `tapobhiḥ`.

संतापयन्तः (saṁtāpayantaḥ) - tormenting, distressing

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of saṃtāpayat

saṁtāpayat - tormenting, causing pain, distressing

Present Active Participle (Causative)

Derived from root `tap` (to heat, to torment) in causative, with prefix `sam`.

Prefix: sam

Root: tap (class 1)

Note: Functions as a verb in apposition to the subject.

त्रीन् (trīn) - three

(numeral)

Note: Agrees with `lokān`.

लोकान् (lokān) - worlds, realms

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of loka

loka - world, realm, people

Root: lok (class 1)

Note: Object of `saṃtāpayantaḥ`.

सदेवासुरमानुषान् (sadevāsuramānuṣān) - with gods, asuras, and humans

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of sadevāsuramānuṣa

sadevāsuramānuṣa - together with gods, asuras, and humans

Bahuvrīhi compound with `sa-` (with) and a dvandva compound of `deva` (gods), `asura` (demons), and `mānuṣa` (humans).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (sa+deva+asura+mānuṣa)

• sa – with, together with
  indeclinable
  Prefix meaning 'with'.
• deva – god, deity
  noun (masculine)
  Root: div (class 4)
• asura – demon, titan, a class of powerful beings
  noun (masculine)
  Root: as (class 4)
• mānuṣa – human, man
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from `manu`.

Note: Agrees with `lokān`.