वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-7, chapter-24, verse-27

युद्धे प्रमत्तो व्याक्षिप्तो जयकाङ्क्षी क्षिपञ् शरान् ।
नावगच्छामि युद्धेषु स्वान्परान् वाप्यहं शुभे ।
तेनासौ निहतः संख्ये मया भर्ता तव स्वसः ॥२७॥

27. yuddhe pramatto vyākṣipto jayakāṅkṣī kṣipañ śarān ,
nāvagacchāmi yuddheṣu svānparān vāpyahaṃ śubhe ,
tenāsau nihataḥ saṃkhye mayā bhartā tava svasaḥ.

27. yuddhe pramattaḥ vyākṣiptaḥ jayakāṅkṣī
kṣipan śarān na avagacchāmi yuddheṣu
svān parān vā api aham śubhe tena asau
nihataḥ saṅkhye mayā bhartā tava svasaḥ

27. śubhe aham yuddhe pramattaḥ vyākṣiptaḥ
jayakāṅkṣī śarān kṣipan vā api yuddheṣu
svān parān na avagacchāmi tena svasaḥ
tava bhartā mayā saṅkhye asau nihataḥ

27. In battle, being reckless, distracted, desiring victory, and hurling arrows, I (ahám), O beautiful one, could not distinguish between my own (svān) and others' (parān) in the midst of fighting. Therefore, O sister, your husband was killed by me in that encounter.

Words meanings summery:

• युद्धे (yuddhe) - in battle (in battle, in war)

• प्रमत्तः (pramattaḥ) - reckless, heedless (careless, reckless, intoxicated, negligent)

• व्याक्षिप्तः (vyākṣiptaḥ) - distracted, agitated (distracted, thrown about, scattered, confused)

• जयकाङ्क्षी (jayakāṅkṣī) - desiring victory (desirous of victory, aspiring to triumph)

• क्षिपन् (kṣipan) - hurling (throwing, casting, hurling)

• शरान् (śarān) - arrows

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• अवगच्छामि (avagacchāmi) - I distinguish (I understand, I distinguish, I know)

• युद्धेषु (yuddheṣu) - in battles (in battles, among fights)

• स्वान् (svān) - my own (people/troops) (one's own people, relatives)

• परान् (parān) - others (enemies/troops) (others, enemies)

• वा (vā) - or (or, either...or)

• अपि (api) - also, even (also, even, too)

• अहम् (aham) - I

• शुभे (śubhe) - O beautiful one (O beautiful one, O auspicious one)

• तेन (tena) - therefore (by that, therefore)

• असौ (asau) - that one (referring to the husband) (that one (masculine/feminine nominative singular))

• निहतः (nihataḥ) - killed (killed, struck down, slain)

• सङ्ख्ये (saṅkhye) - in battle (in battle, in enumeration, in calculation)

• मया (mayā) - by me

• भर्ता (bhartā) - husband (husband, supporter, lord)

• तव (tava) - your (your, of you)

• स्वसः (svasaḥ) - O sister

Words meanings and morphology

युद्धे (yuddhe) - in battle (in battle, in war)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of yuddha

yuddha - battle, war, fight

Past Passive Participle

From root yudh (to fight)

Root: yudh (class 4)

प्रमत्तः (pramattaḥ) - reckless, heedless (careless, reckless, intoxicated, negligent)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pramatta

pramatta - reckless, careless, intoxicated, mad, negligent

Past Passive Participle

From pra-mad (to be mad, intoxicated, careless)

Prefix: pra

Root: mad (class 4)

Note: Qualifies 'I' (aham).

व्याक्षिप्तः (vyākṣiptaḥ) - distracted, agitated (distracted, thrown about, scattered, confused)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vyākṣipta

vyākṣipta - distracted, scattered, confused, agitated

Past Passive Particple

From vi-ā-kṣip (to throw asunder, distract)

Prefixes: vi+ā

Root: kṣip (class 6)

Note: Qualifies 'I' (aham).

जयकाङ्क्षी (jayakāṅkṣī) - desiring victory (desirous of victory, aspiring to triumph)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of jayakāṅkṣin

jayakāṅkṣin - desirous of victory

From jaya (victory) + kāṅkṣin (desirous of)

Compound type : tatpurusha (jaya+kāṅkṣin)

• jaya – victory, triumph
  noun (masculine)
  From root ji (to conquer)
  Root: ji (class 1)
• kāṅkṣin – desiring, wishing for
  adjective (masculine)
  From root kāṅkṣ (to desire)
  Root: kāṅkṣ (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'I' (aham).

क्षिपन् (kṣipan) - hurling (throwing, casting, hurling)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kṣipat

kṣipat - throwing, casting, hurling

Present Active Participle

From root kṣip (to throw) with present participle suffix -at

Root: kṣip (class 6)

Note: Qualifies 'I' (aham).

शरान् (śarān) - arrows

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of śara

śara - arrow

Note: Object of 'kṣipan'.

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

Note: Particle of negation.

अवगच्छामि (avagacchāmi) - I distinguish (I understand, I distinguish, I know)

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of avagam

Present Active

From ava-gam (to go down, to understand), Present tense (laṭ lakāra), First person singular, Active voice.

Prefix: ava

Root: gam (class 1)

युद्धेषु (yuddheṣu) - in battles (in battles, among fights)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, plural of yuddha

yuddha - battle, war, fight

Past Passive Participle

From root yudh (to fight)

Root: yudh (class 4)

Note: Plural of yuddhe.

स्वान् (svān) - my own (people/troops) (one's own people, relatives)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of sva

sva - one's own, self, kinsman

Note: Object of 'avagacchāmi'.

परान् (parān) - others (enemies/troops) (others, enemies)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of para

para - other, hostile, supreme, distant

Note: Object of 'avagacchāmi'.

वा (vā) - or (or, either...or)

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunction.

अपि (api) - also, even (also, even, too)

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphasizing particle.

अहम् (aham) - I

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, we

Note: Subject of 'avagacchāmi'.

शुभे (śubhe) - O beautiful one (O beautiful one, O auspicious one)

(adjective)

Vocative, feminine, singular of śubhā

śubhā - beautiful, auspicious, shining, lovely

Note: Adjective used as a noun in vocative.

तेन (tena) - therefore (by that, therefore)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, it

Note: Used adverbially to mean 'therefore'.

असौ (asau) - that one (referring to the husband) (that one (masculine/feminine nominative singular))

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of adas

adas - that (yonder), this

Note: Subject of 'nihataḥ'.

निहतः (nihataḥ) - killed (killed, struck down, slain)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nihata

nihata - killed, struck down, destroyed

Past Passive Participle

From ni-han (to strike down, kill)

Prefix: ni

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Predicate adjective for 'asau'.

सङ्ख्ये (saṅkhye) - in battle (in battle, in enumeration, in calculation)

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of saṅkhyā

saṅkhyā - battle, encounter, calculation, enumeration

From sam-khyā (to count, narrate, consider)

Prefix: sam

Root: khyā (class 2)

मया (mayā) - by me

(pronoun)

Instrumental, singular of asmad

asmad - I, we

Note: Agent in passive construction.

भर्ता (bhartā) - husband (husband, supporter, lord)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhartṛ

bhartṛ - supporter, husband, lord, master

From root bhṛ (to bear, support)

Root: bhṛ (class 1)

Note: Subject.

तव (tava) - your (your, of you)

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of yusmad

yusmad - you

Note: Possessive.

स्वसः (svasaḥ) - O sister

(noun)

Vocative, feminine, singular of svasṛ

svasṛ - sister

Note: Vocative singular.