वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-7, chapter-24, verse-13

अहो सुबलवद् रक्षो वधोपायेषु रज्यते ।
अहो दुर्वृत्तमात्मानं स्वयमेव न बुध्यते ॥१३॥

13. aho subalavad rakṣo vadhopāyeṣu rajyate ,
aho durvṛttamātmānaṃ svayameva na budhyate.

13. aho subalavat rakṣaḥ vadhopāyeṣu rajyate
aho durvṛttam ātmānam svayam eva na budhyate

13. aho rakṣaḥ subalavat asti vadhopāyeṣu rajyate
aho durvṛttam ātmānam svayam eva na budhyate

13. Oh, how exceedingly powerful this demon is, delighting in means of destruction! Oh, it does not understand its own wicked self (ātman).

Words meanings summery:

• अहो (aho) - Oh! (expresses astonishment/regret) (Oh! Ah! (expresses surprise, regret, pain))

• सुबलवत् (subalavat) - exceedingly powerful (very powerful, exceedingly strong)

• रक्षः (rakṣaḥ) - demon (referring to Rāvaṇa) (demon, evil spirit)

• वधोपायेषु (vadhopāyeṣu) - in means of destruction (in means of killing, in methods of destruction)

• रज्यते (rajyate) - delights in (delights in, is pleased by, is attached to)

• अहो (aho) - Oh! (expresses astonishment/regret) (Oh! Ah! (expresses surprise, regret, pain))

• दुर्वृत्तम् (durvṛttam) - wicked (self) (ill-behaved, wicked, evil conduct)

• आत्मानम् (ātmānam) - its own self (the self, oneself)

• स्वयम् (svayam) - itself, by itself (oneself, by oneself, spontaneously)

• एव (eva) - indeed (just, only, indeed)

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• बुध्यते (budhyate) - understands (understands, knows, awakens)

Words meanings and morphology

अहो (aho) - Oh! (expresses astonishment/regret) (Oh! Ah! (expresses surprise, regret, pain))

(indeclinable)

सुबलवत् (subalavat) - exceedingly powerful (very powerful, exceedingly strong)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of subalavat

subalavat - very strong, exceedingly powerful

From su (good/very) + bala (strength) + matup suffix

Compound type : tatpurusha (su+balavat)

• su – good, well, very, excellent
  indeclinable
• balavat – powerful, strong, mighty
  adjective (masculine)
  From bala (strength) + matup suffix

रक्षः (rakṣaḥ) - demon (referring to Rāvaṇa) (demon, evil spirit)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of rakṣas

rakṣas - demon, evil spirit, monster, protector

वधोपायेषु (vadhopāyeṣu) - in means of destruction (in means of killing, in methods of destruction)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, plural of vadhopāya

vadhopāya - means of killing, method of destruction

Compound type : tatpurusha (vadha+upāya)

• vadha – killing, slaughter, destruction
  noun (masculine)
  From root han (to strike/kill)
  Root: han (class 2)
• upāya – means, method, resource, expedient
  noun (masculine)
  From upa + root i (to go)
  Prefix: upa
  Root: i (class 2)

रज्यते (rajyate) - delights in (delights in, is pleased by, is attached to)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of rañj

Present Middle Indicative

Root rañj (class 1), often used in passive or middle voice with sense of 'to delight in, be attached to'.

Root: rañj (class 1)

अहो (aho) - Oh! (expresses astonishment/regret) (Oh! Ah! (expresses surprise, regret, pain))

(indeclinable)

दुर्वृत्तम् (durvṛttam) - wicked (self) (ill-behaved, wicked, evil conduct)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of durvṛtta

durvṛtta - ill-behaved, wicked, evil conduct, depraved

Past Passive Participle

From dus (bad) + vṛtta (behaved, happened)

Compound type : bahuvrihi (dus+vṛtta)

• dus – bad, difficult, ill
  indeclinable
• vṛtta – happened, behaved, conduct, course
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root vṛt (to turn, to be, to exist)
  Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'ātmānam'.

आत्मानम् (ātmānam) - its own self (the self, oneself)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ātman

ātman - self, soul, vital breath, mind, essence

स्वयम् (svayam) - itself, by itself (oneself, by oneself, spontaneously)

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - indeed (just, only, indeed)

(indeclinable)

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

बुध्यते (budhyate) - understands (understands, knows, awakens)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of budh

Present Middle Indicative

Root budh (class 4), middle voice

Root: budh (class 4)