वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-7, chapter-24, verse-18

ततो राक्षसराजस्य स्वसा परमदुःखिता ।
पादयोः पतिता तस्य वक्तुमेवोपचक्रमे ॥१८॥

18. tato rākṣasarājasya svasā paramaduḥkhitā ,
pādayoḥ patitā tasya vaktumevopacakrame.

18. tataḥ rākṣasarājasya svasā paramaduḥkhitā
pādayoḥ patitā tasya vaktum eva upacakrame

18. Then, the greatly distressed sister of the king of Rākṣasas (Rāvaṇa) fell at his feet and began to speak.

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereafter

• राक्षसराजस्य (rākṣasarājasya) - of Rāvaṇa, the king of Rākṣasas (of the king of Rākṣasas)

• स्वसा (svasā) - sister

• परमदुःखिता (paramaduḥkhitā) - extremely distressed, greatly grieved

• पादयोः (pādayoḥ) - on the feet, at the feet

• पतिता (patitā) - fallen

• तस्य (tasya) - of Rāvaṇa (of him)

• वक्तुम् (vaktum) - to speak

• एव (eva) - indeed, only, certainly

• उपचक्रमे (upacakrame) - began

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereafter

(indeclinable)

राक्षसराजस्य (rākṣasarājasya) - of Rāvaṇa, the king of Rākṣasas (of the king of Rākṣasas)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of rākṣasarāja

rākṣasarāja - king of Rākṣasas

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (rākṣasa+rāja)

• rākṣasa – a demon, a Rākṣasa
  noun (masculine)
• rāja – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)

स्वसा (svasā) - sister

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of svasṛ

svasṛ - sister

परमदुःखिता (paramaduḥkhitā) - extremely distressed, greatly grieved

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of paramaduḥkhita

paramaduḥkhita - extremely distressed, greatly grieved

Compound type : karmadhāraya (parama+duḥkhita)

• parama – highest, supreme, extreme
  adjective
• duḥkhita – distressed, grieved
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root √duḥkh (to suffer) + kta (suffix)
  Root: duḥkh

Note: Adjective agreeing with 'svasā'.

पादयोः (pādayoḥ) - on the feet, at the feet

(noun)

Locative, masculine, dual of pāda

pāda - foot, leg, quarter

पतिता (patitā) - fallen

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of patita

patita - fallen, descended

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root √pat (to fall) + kta (suffix)

Root: pat (class 1)

Note: Agreeing with 'svasā'.

तस्य (tasya) - of Rāvaṇa (of him)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to Rāvaṇa.

वक्तुम् (vaktum) - to speak

(verb)

infinitive (tumun) of vac

Infinitive

Derived from root √vac (to speak) + tumun (suffix)

Root: vac (class 2)

एव (eva) - indeed, only, certainly

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphasizes 'vaktum'.

उपचक्रमे (upacakrame) - began

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of upakram

Perfect (Liṭ)

Root √kram, with upasarga upa-

Prefix: upa

Root: kram (class 1)