वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-7, chapter-11, verse-19

स तु तेनैव हर्षेण तस्मिन्नहनि वीर्यवान् ।
वनं गतो दशग्रीवः सह तैः क्षणदाचरैः ॥१९॥

19. sa tu tenaiva harṣeṇa tasminnahani vīryavān ,
vanaṃ gato daśagrīvaḥ saha taiḥ kṣaṇadācaraiḥ.

19. saḥ tu tena eva harṣeṇa tasmin ahani vīryavān
vanam gataḥ daśagrīvaḥ saha taiḥ kṣaṇadācaraiḥ

19. saḥ vīryavān daśagrīvaḥ tu tena eva harṣeṇa
tasmin ahani taiḥ kṣaṇadācaraiḥ saha vanam gataḥ

19. But that mighty Daśagrīva, filled with that very same joy, went to the forest on that day along with those night-roamers.

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - he, that

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, on the other hand

• तेन (tena) - by that, with that

• एव (eva) - indeed, only, very, just

• हर्षेण (harṣeṇa) - with joy, by joy

• तस्मिन् (tasmin) - in that

• अहनि (ahani) - on the day, in the day

• वीर्यवान् (vīryavān) - mighty, powerful, valorous

• वनम् (vanam) - forest, grove

• गतः (gataḥ) - gone, went

• दशग्रीवः (daśagrīvaḥ) - Daśagrīva (Rāvaṇa)

• सह (saha) - with, along with

• तैः (taiḥ) - with them, by those

• क्षणदाचरैः (kṣaṇadācaraiḥ) - with the rākṣasas (demon attendants of Daśagrīva) (with the night-wanderers, with the rākṣasas)

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - he, that

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

तु (tu) - but, indeed, on the other hand

(indeclinable)

तेन (tena) - by that, with that

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to Daśagrīva.

एव (eva) - indeed, only, very, just

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphasizes 'that very joy'.

हर्षेण (harṣeṇa) - with joy, by joy

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of harṣa

harṣa - joy, delight, happiness

Root: hṛṣ (class 4)

तस्मिन् (tasmin) - in that

(pronoun)

Locative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to 'ahani'.

अहनि (ahani) - on the day, in the day

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of ahan

ahan - day

वीर्यवान् (vīryavān) - mighty, powerful, valorous

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vīryavat

vīryavat - mighty, powerful, valorous, heroic

Possessive suffix -vat

Note: Qualifies Daśagrīva.

वनम् (vanam) - forest, grove

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vana

vana - forest, grove, wood

Note: Object of motion 'gataḥ'.

गतः (gataḥ) - gone, went

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of gata

gata - gone, gone to, reached

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root gam- 'to go'

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Agrees with Daśagrīva.

दशग्रीवः (daśagrīvaḥ) - Daśagrīva (Rāvaṇa)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of daśagrīva

daśagrīva - ten-necked, Rāvaṇa

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (daśan+grīvā)

• daśan – ten
  numeral
• grīvā – neck
  noun (feminine)

Note: Subject of the sentence.

सह (saha) - with, along with

(indeclinable)

तैः (taiḥ) - with them, by those

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to 'kṣaṇadācaraiḥ'.

क्षणदाचरैः (kṣaṇadācaraiḥ) - with the rākṣasas (demon attendants of Daśagrīva) (with the night-wanderers, with the rākṣasas)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of kṣaṇadācara

kṣaṇadācara - night-wanderer, demon, rākṣasa

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kṣaṇadā+cara)

• kṣaṇadā – night
  noun (feminine)
• cara – one who moves/roams
  noun (masculine)
  Agent noun from root car- 'to move'
  Root: car (class 1)

Note: Governed by 'saha'.

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