वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-7, chapter-11, verse-10

अथाब्रवीद्दशग्रीवो मातामहमुपस्थितम् ।
वित्तेशो गुरुरस्माकं नार्हस्येवं प्रभाषितुम् ॥१०॥

10. athābravīddaśagrīvo mātāmahamupasthitam ,
vitteśo gururasmākaṃ nārhasyevaṃ prabhāṣitum.

10. atha abravīt daśagrīvaḥ mātāmaham upasthitam
vitta-īśaḥ guruḥ asmakam na arhasi evam prabhāṣitum

10. atha daśagrīvaḥ upasthitam mātāmaham abravīt vitta-īśaḥ
asmākam guruḥ (asti) tvam evam prabhāṣitum na arhasi

10. Then Daśagrīva (Rāvaṇa) spoke to his maternal grandfather, who was present: 'The lord of wealth (Kubera) is our teacher (guru); you ought not to speak in this manner.'

Words meanings summery:

• अथ (atha) - then, now, thereupon

• अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - he spoke, he said

• दशग्रीवः (daśagrīvaḥ) - Rāvaṇa, literally 'ten-necked' (Daśagrīva)

• मातामहम् (mātāmaham) - to the maternal grandfather

• उपस्थितम् (upasthitam) - present, standing by, approached

• वित्त-ईशः (vitta-īśaḥ) - Kubera, Rāvaṇa's step-brother and lord of Lanka (lord of wealth)

• गुरुः (guruḥ) - teacher, elder, respected person

• अस्माकम् (asmākam) - of us

• न (na) - not

• अर्हसि (arhasi) - you ought, you are able

• एवम् (evam) - thus, in this manner

• प्रभाषितुम् (prabhāṣitum) - to speak

Words meanings and morphology

अथ (atha) - then, now, thereupon

(indeclinable)

Note: Often indicates the commencement of a new topic or action.

अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - he spoke, he said

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of brū

Imperfect Tense, 3rd Person Singular

From root brū, augmented 'a' + bruv + it

Root: brū (class 2)

दशग्रीवः (daśagrīvaḥ) - Rāvaṇa, literally 'ten-necked' (Daśagrīva)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of daśagrīva

daśagrīva - ten-necked (an epithet of Rāvaṇa)

Compound type : bahuvrihi (daśa+grīva)

• daśa – ten
  numeral
• grīva – neck
  noun (masculine)

Note: Bahuvrihi compound: 'one who has ten necks'.

मातामहम् (mātāmaham) - to the maternal grandfather

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of mātāmaha

mātāmaha - maternal grandfather

उपस्थितम् (upasthitam) - present, standing by, approached

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of upasthita

upasthita - present, standing by, approached, near

Past Passive Participle

from upa-sthā (to stand near) + kta (past participle suffix)

Prefix: upa

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Past passive participle of upa-sthā.

वित्त-ईशः (vitta-īśaḥ) - Kubera, Rāvaṇa's step-brother and lord of Lanka (lord of wealth)

(compound)

Compound type : tatpurusha (vitta+īśa)

• vitta – wealth, property
  noun (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  from vid (to find/obtain) + kta
  Root: vid (class 6)
• īśa – lord, master, ruler
  noun (masculine)
  from īś (to be master of) + a (suffix)
  Root: īś (class 2)

Note: Tatpurusha compound: 'īśa of vitta'.

गुरुः (guruḥ) - teacher, elder, respected person

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of guru

guru - teacher, spiritual master (guru), venerable, heavy

अस्माकम् (asmākam) - of us

(pronoun)

Genitive, plural of asmad

asmad - we

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

अर्हसि (arhasi) - you ought, you are able

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of arh

Present Tense, 2nd Person Singular

Root: arh (class 1)

Note: Often followed by an infinitive.

एवम् (evam) - thus, in this manner

(indeclinable)

प्रभाषितुम् (prabhāṣitum) - to speak

(infinitive)

Note: Infinitive of the verb pra-bhāṣ.

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