वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-6, chapter-77, verse-5

राक्षसैस्तैः परिवृतः स तदा तु विभीषणः ।
बभौ मध्ये प्रहृष्टानां कलभानामिव द्विपः ॥५॥

5. rākṣasaistaiḥ parivṛtaḥ sa tadā tu vibhīṣaṇaḥ ,
babhau madhye prahṛṣṭānāṃ kalabhānāmiva dvipaḥ.

5. rākṣasaiḥ taiḥ parivṛtaḥ sa tadā tu vibhīṣaṇaḥ
babhau madhye prahṛṣṭānām kalabhānām iva dvipaḥ

5. saḥ vibhīṣaṇaḥ taiḥ rākṣasaiḥ parivṛtaḥ tadā tu
prahṛṣṭānām kalabhānām madhye dvipaḥ iva babhau

5. Surrounded by those Rākṣasas, Vibhīṣaṇa then appeared in their midst, shining like a full-grown elephant amidst a herd of joyful young elephants.

Words meanings summery:

• राक्षसैः (rākṣasaiḥ) - by the Rākṣasas (by Rākṣasas (demons))

• तैः (taiḥ) - by those (by those, by them)

• परिवृतः (parivṛtaḥ) - surrounded (surrounded, encompassed, covered)

• स (sa) - he (he, that)

• तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, however, on the other hand

• विभीषणः (vibhīṣaṇaḥ) - Vibhīṣaṇa

• बभौ (babhau) - he shone, he appeared (he shone, he appeared, he was beautiful)

• मध्ये (madhye) - in their midst (in the middle, among, amidst)

• प्रहृष्टानाम् (prahṛṣṭānām) - of the joyful (of the joyful, of the delighted, of the exulting)

• कलभानाम् (kalabhānām) - of young elephants (of young elephants, of elephant calves)

• इव (iva) - like (like, as, as if)

• द्विपः (dvipaḥ) - a full-grown elephant (elephant (literally 'drinker twice'))

Words meanings and morphology

राक्षसैः (rākṣasaiḥ) - by the Rākṣasas (by Rākṣasas (demons))

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of rākṣasa

rākṣasa - Rākṣasa (a class of mythological beings, often depicted as demons or ogres)

तैः (taiḥ) - by those (by those, by them)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

Note: Agrees with 'rākṣasaiḥ'.

परिवृतः (parivṛtaḥ) - surrounded (surrounded, encompassed, covered)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of parivṛta

parivṛta - surrounded, encompassed, covered

Past Passive Participle

Prefix 'pari' (around) + root 'vṛ' (to cover, encompass) + kta (P.P.P.)

Prefix: pari

Root: vṛ (class 5)

Note: Agrees with 'sa' and 'vibhīṣaṇaḥ'.

स (sa) - he (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he

Note: Refers to Vibhīṣaṇa.

तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

(indeclinable)

तु (tu) - but, indeed, however, on the other hand

(indeclinable)

Note: An emphatic or adversative particle, often untranslated in smooth English prose.

विभीषणः (vibhīṣaṇaḥ) - Vibhīṣaṇa

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vibhīṣaṇa

vibhīṣaṇa - Vibhīṣaṇa (a proper noun, name of a character in the Rāmāyaṇa)

बभौ (babhau) - he shone, he appeared (he shone, he appeared, he was beautiful)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of bhā

Perfect

Reduplicated perfect form of root 'bhā'

Root: bhā (class 2)

मध्ये (madhye) - in their midst (in the middle, among, amidst)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of madhya

madhya - middle, center, midst

Note: Used adverbially to mean 'in the middle of'.

प्रहृष्टानाम् (prahṛṣṭānām) - of the joyful (of the joyful, of the delighted, of the exulting)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, plural of prahṛṣṭa

prahṛṣṭa - rejoiced, delighted, joyful, exulting

Past Passive Participle

Prefix 'pra' + root 'hṛṣ' (to be joyful) + kta (P.P.P.)

Prefix: pra

Root: hṛṣ (class 4)

Note: Agrees with 'kalabhānām'.

कलभानाम् (kalabhānām) - of young elephants (of young elephants, of elephant calves)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of kalabha

kalabha - young elephant, elephant calf

इव (iva) - like (like, as, as if)

(indeclinable)

द्विपः (dvipaḥ) - a full-grown elephant (elephant (literally 'drinker twice'))

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dvipa

dvipa - elephant (literally 'drinker twice', referring to trunk and mouth)

Derived from 'dvi' (twice) + root 'pā' (to drink) + suffix -ka

Compound type : bahuvrihi (dvi+pa)

• dvi – two, twice
  numeral
• pa – drinker (from root pā)
  noun (masculine)
  nominal derivative
  From root 'pā' (to drink) with suffix 'ka'
  Root: pā (class 1)