वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-6, chapter-77, verse-16

ततस्ते कपिशार्दूलाः क्ष्वेडन्तश्च मुहुर्मुहुः ।
मुमुचुर्विविधान्नादान्मेघान्दृष्ट्वेव बर्हिणः ॥१६॥

16. tataste kapiśārdūlāḥ kṣveḍantaśca muhurmuhuḥ ,
mumucurvividhānnādānmeghāndṛṣṭveva barhiṇaḥ.

16. tataḥ te kapiśārdūlāḥ kṣveḍantaḥ ca muhuḥ muhuḥ
mumucuḥ vividhān nādān meghān dṛṣṭvā iva barhiṇaḥ

16. tataḥ te kapiśārdūlāḥ kṣveḍantaḥ ca muhuḥ muhuḥ
meghān dṛṣṭvā barhiṇaḥ iva vividhān nādān mumucuḥ

16. Then those excellent monkeys, roaring repeatedly, emitted various sounds, just as peacocks do upon seeing clouds.

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then (then, thereupon, therefore)

• ते (te) - those (monkeys) (those, they)

• कपिशार्दूलाः (kapiśārdūlāḥ) - excellent monkeys (excellent monkeys, tiger-like monkeys)

• क्ष्वेडन्तः (kṣveḍantaḥ) - roaring (roaring, screaming, crying out)

• च (ca) - and (and, also, moreover)

• मुहुः (muhuḥ) - repeatedly (instantly, repeatedly, again and again)

• मुहुः (muhuḥ) - repeatedly (instantly, repeatedly, again and again)

• मुमुचुः (mumucuḥ) - they emitted (sounds) (they released, they discharged, they uttered)

• विविधान् (vividhān) - various (various, diverse, manifold)

• नादान् (nādān) - sounds (sounds, roars, cries)

• मेघान् (meghān) - clouds

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - upon seeing (having seen)

• इव (iva) - just as (like, as if, as)

• बर्हिणः (barhiṇaḥ) - peacocks

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then (then, thereupon, therefore)

(indeclinable)

ते (te) - those (monkeys) (those, they)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the `kapiśārdūlāḥ`.

कपिशार्दूलाः (kapiśārdūlāḥ) - excellent monkeys (excellent monkeys, tiger-like monkeys)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of kapiśārdūla

kapiśārdūla - tiger among monkeys (idiom for excellent monkey)

Tatpuruṣa compound or comparison (simile).

Compound type : tatpurusha (kapi+śārdūla)

• kapi – monkey
  noun (masculine)
• śārdūla – tiger, an excellent (one)
  noun (masculine)

Note: Refers to the monkey chiefs.

क्ष्वेडन्तः (kṣveḍantaḥ) - roaring (roaring, screaming, crying out)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of kṣveḍant

kṣveḍant - roaring, screaming, crying out (active participle)

Present Active Participle

From root `kṣveḍ` (to roar, scream) + suffix `śatṛ`.

Root: kṣveḍ (class 1)

Note: Modifies `kapiśārdūlāḥ`.

च (ca) - and (and, also, moreover)

(indeclinable)

मुहुः (muhuḥ) - repeatedly (instantly, repeatedly, again and again)

(indeclinable)

Note: Used in iteration to mean 'repeatedly'.

मुहुः (muhuḥ) - repeatedly (instantly, repeatedly, again and again)

(indeclinable)

Note: Used in iteration to mean 'repeatedly'.

मुमुचुः (mumucuḥ) - they emitted (sounds) (they released, they discharged, they uttered)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (liṭ) of muc

Perfect tense, parasmaipada, 3rd plural. Reduplicated root.

Root: muc (class 6)

विविधान् (vividhān) - various (various, diverse, manifold)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of vividha

vividha - various, diverse, manifold

Compound of `vi` (apart, distinct) and `vidha` (kind, sort).

Compound type : tatpurusha (vi+vidha)

• vi – apart, asunder, distinct, without
  indeclinable
• vidha – kind, sort, manner
  noun (masculine)

Note: Modifies `nādān`.

नादान् (nādān) - sounds (sounds, roars, cries)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of nāda

nāda - sound, roar, cry, noise

From root `nad` (to sound).

Root: nad (class 1)

Note: Object of `mumucuḥ`.

मेघान् (meghān) - clouds

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of megha

megha - cloud

From root `mih` (to sprinkle).

Root: mih (class 1)

Note: Object of `dṛṣṭvā`.

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - upon seeing (having seen)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

From root `dṛś` + suffix `ktvā`.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Indicates an action completed before the main verb.

इव (iva) - just as (like, as if, as)

(indeclinable)

Note: Introduces a simile.

बर्हिणः (barhiṇaḥ) - peacocks

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of barhiṇ

barhiṇ - peacock

Note: Subject of the implicit action in the simile.