वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-6, chapter-77, verse-31

निहतं सारथिं दृष्ट्वा समरे रावणात्मजः ।
प्रजहौ समरोद्धर्षं विषण्णः स बभूव ह ॥३१॥

31. nihataṃ sārathiṃ dṛṣṭvā samare rāvaṇātmajaḥ ,
prajahau samaroddharṣaṃ viṣaṇṇaḥ sa babhūva ha.

31. nihatam sārathim dṛṣṭvā samare rāvaṇātmajaḥ
prajahau samaroddharṣam viṣaṇṇaḥ sa babhūva ha

31. rāvaṇātmajaḥ samare nihatam sārathim dṛṣṭvā
samaroddharṣam prajahau sa viṣaṇṇaḥ babhūva ha

31. Having seen his charioteer killed in battle, Rāvaṇa's son abandoned his battle-excitement; indeed, he became dejected.

Words meanings summery:

• निहतम् (nihatam) - slain (slain, killed, struck down)

• सारथिम् (sārathim) - charioteer

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

• समरे (samare) - in battle (in battle, in war, on the battlefield)

• रावणात्मजः (rāvaṇātmajaḥ) - Rāvaṇa's son (Indrajit) (son of Rāvaṇa)

• प्रजहौ (prajahau) - he abandoned (he abandoned, he gave up, he left)

• समरोद्धर्षम् (samaroddharṣam) - enthusiasm for battle (enthusiasm for battle, battle-excitement)

• विषण्णः (viṣaṇṇaḥ) - dejected (dejected, sad, dispirited)

• स (sa) - he (Rāvaṇa's son) (he, that)

• बभूव (babhūva) - he became (he became, he was)

• ह (ha) - indeed (indeed, certainly, verily)

Words meanings and morphology

निहतम् (nihatam) - slain (slain, killed, struck down)

(participle)

Accusative, masculine, singular of nihata

nihata - slain, killed, struck, destroyed

Past Passive Participle

from root han (to strike, kill) with prefix ni-

Prefix: ni

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Agrees with sārathim.

सारथिम् (sārathim) - charioteer

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of sārathi

sārathi - charioteer, companion

Note: Object of dṛṣṭvā.

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

from root dṛś (to see) with ktvā suffix

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Connects the action of seeing to the main verb prajahau.

समरे (samare) - in battle (in battle, in war, on the battlefield)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of samara

samara - battle, war, conflict

from sam + ṛ (to go)

Root: ṛ (class 3)

Note: Indicates location of the action.

रावणात्मजः (rāvaṇātmajaḥ) - Rāvaṇa's son (Indrajit) (son of Rāvaṇa)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rāvaṇātmaja

rāvaṇātmaja - son of Rāvaṇa

Compound

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (rāvaṇa+ātmaja)

• rāvaṇa – Rāvaṇa (name of the demon king)
  proper noun (masculine)
• ātmaja – son, offspring
  noun (masculine)
  from ātman (self) + jā (born)
  Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Subject of prajahau.

प्रजहौ (prajahau) - he abandoned (he abandoned, he gave up, he left)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of prahā

Prefix: pra

Root: hā (class 3)

समरोद्धर्षम् (samaroddharṣam) - enthusiasm for battle (enthusiasm for battle, battle-excitement)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of samaroddharṣa

samaroddharṣa - battle-excitement, enthusiasm for war

Compound

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (samara+uddharṣa)

• samara – battle, war
  noun (masculine)
• uddharṣa – excitement, joy, enthusiasm
  noun (masculine)
  from ud + hṛṣ (to rejoice)
  Prefix: ud
  Root: hṛṣ (class 1)

Note: Object of prajahau.

विषण्णः (viṣaṇṇaḥ) - dejected (dejected, sad, dispirited)

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of viṣaṇṇa

viṣaṇṇa - dejected, sad, dispirited, withered

Past Passive Participle

from root sad (to sink, despond) with prefix vi-, changed to ṣaṇṇa

Prefix: vi

Root: sad (class 1)

Note: Predicative adjective for saḥ.

स (sa) - he (Rāvaṇa's son) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Subject of babhūva.

बभूव (babhūva) - he became (he became, he was)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of bhū

Root: bhū (class 1)

ह (ha) - indeed (indeed, certainly, verily)

(indeclinable)