वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-6, chapter-77, verse-2

ततो विस्फारयामास महद्धनुरवस्थितः ।
उत्ससर्ज च तीक्ष्णाग्रान् राक्षसेषु महाशरान् ॥२॥

2. tato visphārayāmāsa mahaddhanuravasthitaḥ ,
utsasarja ca tīkṣṇāgrān rākṣaseṣu mahāśarān.

2. tataḥ visphārayāmāsa mahat dhanuḥ avasthitaḥ
utsasarja ca tīkṣṇāgrān rākṣaseṣu mahāśarān

2. saḥ avasthitaḥ tataḥ mahat dhanuḥ visphārayāmāsa
ca rākṣaseṣu tīkṣṇāgrān mahāśarān utsasarja

2. Then, steadying himself, he drew his great bow and discharged mighty, sharp-tipped arrows at the Rākṣasas.

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereafter (then, thereafter, from that, hence)

• विस्फारयामास (visphārayāmāsa) - he drew (the bow) (he caused to stretch, he drew, he wielded)

• महत् (mahat) - great (great, large, mighty, vast)

• धनुः (dhanuḥ) - bow (bow, arc, rainbow)

• अवस्थितः (avasthitaḥ) - standing firm, steadying himself (standing, situated, firm, steady, established)

• उत्ससर्ज (utsasarja) - he released, he discharged (he released, he discharged, he abandoned, he created)

• च (ca) - and (and, also, moreover)

• तीक्ष्णाग्रान् (tīkṣṇāgrān) - sharp-tipped (sharp-tipped, sharp-pointed)

• राक्षसेषु (rākṣaseṣu) - at the Rākṣasas (among Rākṣasas, at Rākṣasas)

• महाशरान् (mahāśarān) - mighty arrows (great arrows, mighty arrows)

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereafter (then, thereafter, from that, hence)

(indeclinable)

ablative suffix -tas

विस्फारयामास (visphārayāmāsa) - he drew (the bow) (he caused to stretch, he drew, he wielded)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of visphārayāmāsa

Periphrastic Perfect

Formed from causative 'visphāraya' + 'āmāsa' (perfect of 'as')

Prefix: vi

Root: sphṛ (class 6)

महत् (mahat) - great (great, large, mighty, vast)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of mahat

mahat - great, large, mighty, vast

present active participle

Root: mah (to be great, to grow) + śatṛ suffix

Root: mah (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'dhanuḥ' which is neuter accusative singular.

धनुः (dhanuḥ) - bow (bow, arc, rainbow)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of dhanus

dhanus - bow, arc, rainbow

अवस्थितः (avasthitaḥ) - standing firm, steadying himself (standing, situated, firm, steady, established)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of avasthita

avasthita - stood, situated, firm, steady, established

Past Passive Participle

Prefix 'ava' + root 'sthā' (to stand) + kta (P.P.P.)

Prefix: ava

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Modifies the implied subject (he).

उत्ससर्ज (utsasarja) - he released, he discharged (he released, he discharged, he abandoned, he created)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of utsṛj

Perfect

Root 'sṛj' (to create, emit) with prefix 'ud' (up, out)

Prefix: ud

Root: sṛj (class 6)

च (ca) - and (and, also, moreover)

(indeclinable)

तीक्ष्णाग्रान् (tīkṣṇāgrān) - sharp-tipped (sharp-tipped, sharp-pointed)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of tīkṣṇāgra

tīkṣṇāgra - sharp-pointed, sharp-tipped

Compound type : karmadhāraya (tīkṣṇa+agra)

• tīkṣṇa – sharp, keen, strong, pungent
  adjective (masculine)
• agra – tip, point, front, foremost
  noun (neuter)

Note: Agrees with 'mahāśarān'.

राक्षसेषु (rākṣaseṣu) - at the Rākṣasas (among Rākṣasas, at Rākṣasas)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, plural of rākṣasa

rākṣasa - Rākṣasa (a class of mythological beings, often depicted as demons or ogres)

Note: Indicates the target of the arrows.

महाशरान् (mahāśarān) - mighty arrows (great arrows, mighty arrows)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of mahāśara

mahāśara - great arrow, mighty arrow

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+śara)

• mahā – great, mighty, large
  adjective (feminine)
• śara – arrow, reed, water
  noun (masculine)
  Root: śṛ (class 5)