वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-5, chapter-9, verse-9

स राक्षसेन्द्रः शुशुभे ताभिः परिवृतः स्वयम् ।
करेणुभिर्यथारण्यं परिकीर्णो महाद्विपः ॥९॥

9. sa rākṣasendraḥ śuśubhe tābhiḥ parivṛtaḥ svayam ,
kareṇubhiryathāraṇyaṃ parikīrṇo mahādvipaḥ.

9. saḥ rākṣasendraḥ śuśubhe tābhiḥ parivṛtaḥ svayam
kareṇubhiḥ yathā araṇyam parikīrṇaḥ mahādvipaḥ

9. saḥ rākṣasendraḥ svayam tābhiḥ parivṛtaḥ śuśubhe
yathā mahādvipaḥ kareṇubhiḥ parikīrṇaḥ araṇyam

9. That lord of demons himself shone, surrounded by those women, just as a great elephant, encircled by female elephants, shines beautifully in a forest.

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - that (Ravana) (he, that)

• राक्षसेन्द्रः (rākṣasendraḥ) - the lord of demons (Ravana) (chief of demons, king of rākṣasas)

• शुशुभे (śuśubhe) - shone (he shone, he appeared beautiful, he was resplendent)

• ताभिः (tābhiḥ) - by those (female attendants) (by them, with them)

• परिवृतः (parivṛtaḥ) - surrounded (by them) (surrounded, encompassed, covered)

• स्वयम् (svayam) - himself (oneself, personally, by itself)

• करेणुभिः (kareṇubhiḥ) - by female elephants

• यथा (yathā) - just as (as, just as, according to)

• अरण्यम् (araṇyam) - in a forest (forest, wilderness)

• परिकीर्णः (parikīrṇaḥ) - encircled (by female elephants) (surrounded, scattered, spread)

• महाद्विपः (mahādvipaḥ) - a great elephant (great elephant)

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - that (Ravana) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, it

Demonstrative pronoun, masculine nominative singular.

Note: Qualifies rākṣasendraḥ.

राक्षसेन्द्रः (rākṣasendraḥ) - the lord of demons (Ravana) (chief of demons, king of rākṣasas)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rākṣasendra

rākṣasendra - chief of rākṣasas, demon king

Tatpurusha compound: rākṣasa + indra.

Compound type : tatpurusha (rākṣasa+indra)

• rākṣasa – demon, evil spirit
  noun (masculine)
• indra – chief, lord, Indra (god)
  noun (masculine)

Note: Subject of the sentence.

शुशुभे (śuśubhe) - shone (he shone, he appeared beautiful, he was resplendent)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, perfect (liṭ) of śubh

Perfect Tense (Liṭ)

Reduplicated root, 3rd person singular middle voice

Root: śubh (class 1)

ताभिः (tābhiḥ) - by those (female attendants) (by them, with them)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, feminine, plural of tad

tad - that, she, those

Feminine demonstrative pronoun, instrumental plural.

Note: Used with parivṛtaḥ (surrounded by).

परिवृतः (parivṛtaḥ) - surrounded (by them) (surrounded, encompassed, covered)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of parivṛta

parivṛta - surrounded, encircled, covered

Past Passive Participle

From root vṛ with prefix pari.

Prefix: pari

Root: vṛ (class 5)

Note: Formed from verbal root vṛ (to cover, encompass) with pari (around).

स्वयम् (svayam) - himself (oneself, personally, by itself)

(indeclinable)

Reflexive pronoun in adverbial use.

करेणुभिः (kareṇubhiḥ) - by female elephants

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, plural of kareṇu

kareṇu - female elephant

Note: Used with parikīrṇaḥ (surrounded by).

यथा (yathā) - just as (as, just as, according to)

(indeclinable)

Adverb.

अरण्यम् (araṇyam) - in a forest (forest, wilderness)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of araṇya

araṇya - forest, wilderness, jungle

Note: Used adverbially to mean 'in the forest'.

परिकीर्णः (parikīrṇaḥ) - encircled (by female elephants) (surrounded, scattered, spread)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of parikīrṇa

parikīrṇa - scattered around, surrounded, covered

Past Passive Participle

From root kṛ with prefix pari.

Prefix: pari

Root: kṛ (class 6)

Note: From verbal root kṛ (to scatter, spread) with pari (around).

महाद्विपः (mahādvipaḥ) - a great elephant (great elephant)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahādvipa

mahādvipa - large elephant, great elephant

Karmadhāraya compound: mahat + dvipa.

Compound type : karmadharaya (mahat+dvipa)

• mahat – great, large
  adjective (neuter)
• dvipa – elephant (drinker twice: water and then food from trunk)
  noun (masculine)
  From dvi (two) + pā (to drink)
  Root: pā (class 2)

Note: Subject of the comparative clause.