वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-5, chapter-65, verse-17

राम त्वां स नमस्कृत्वा राज्ञो दशरथस्य च ।
विसृष्टस्तु तदा काकः प्रतिपेदे खमालयम् ॥१७॥

17. rāma tvāṃ sa namaskṛtvā rājño daśarathasya ca ,
visṛṣṭastu tadā kākaḥ pratipede khamālayam.

17. rāma tvām saḥ namaskṛtvā rājñaḥ daśarathasya ca
visṛṣṭaḥ tu tadā kākaḥ pratipede kham ālayam

17. O Rāma, after he bowed down to you and King Daśaratha, that crow, thus released, then returned to its abode in the sky.

Words meanings summery:

• राम (rāma) - O Rāma

• त्वाम् (tvām) - you

• सः (saḥ) - Referring to the crow, which is the implicit subject of the 'having bowed down' action. (he, that)

• नमस्कृत्वा (namaskṛtvā) - having bowed down, having saluted

• राज्ञः (rājñaḥ) - of the king

• दशरथस्य (daśarathasya) - of Daśaratha

• च (ca) - and

• विसृष्टः (visṛṣṭaḥ) - released, discharged, sent forth

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

• तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

• काकः (kākaḥ) - crow

• प्रतिपेदे (pratipede) - returned to (reached, attained, obtained)

• खम् (kham) - sky, space, atmosphere

• आलयम् (ālayam) - abode, home, dwelling

Words meanings and morphology

राम (rāma) - O Rāma

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rāma

rāma - Rāma (the seventh avatar of Viṣṇu, a central figure of the Rāmāyaṇa)

त्वाम् (tvām) - you

(pronoun)

Accusative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you (second person pronoun)

Note: Object of the action 'bowed down'.

सः (saḥ) - Referring to the crow, which is the implicit subject of the 'having bowed down' action. (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Subject, referring to the crow.

नमस्कृत्वा (namaskṛtvā) - having bowed down, having saluted

(indeclinable)

absolutive/gerund

Derived from the noun 'namas' (obeisance) and the root 'kṛ' (to do), forming a compound verb, then the absolutive suffix '-tvā'.

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Indicates a preceding action before 'pratipede'.

राज्ञः (rājñaḥ) - of the king

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Note: Possessive, linked with 'Daśarathasya'.

दशरथस्य (daśarathasya) - of Daśaratha

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of daśaratha

daśaratha - Daśaratha (the king of Ayodhyā, father of Rāma)

Note: Possessive, identifies the king.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects 'you' and 'King Daśaratha'.

विसृष्टः (visṛṣṭaḥ) - released, discharged, sent forth

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of visṛṣṭa

visṛṣṭa - released, sent forth, discharged

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root sṛj (to emit, create) with prefix vi (apart, away).

Prefix: vi

Root: sṛj (class 6)

तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

(indeclinable)

तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

(indeclinable)

Temporal adverb derived from 'tad' (that).

काकः (kākaḥ) - crow

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kāka

kāka - crow

Note: Subject of the main verb 'pratipede'.

प्रतिपेदे (pratipede) - returned to (reached, attained, obtained)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, past perfect (Lit) of pratipad

Prefix: prati

Root: pad (class 4)

खम् (kham) - sky, space, atmosphere

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of kha

kha - sky, space, ether, heaven

Note: Object of motion, indicating destination.

आलयम् (ālayam) - abode, home, dwelling

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ālaya

ālaya - house, dwelling, abode, receptacle

Derived from root 'lī' (to cling to, to dissolve) with prefix 'ā'.

Prefix: ā

Root: lī (class 4)

Note: Object of motion, indicating destination.