वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-5, chapter-51, verse-16

शङ्खभेरीनिनादैस्तैर्घोषयन्तः स्वकर्मभिः ।
राक्षसाः क्रूरकर्माणश्चारयन्ति स्म तां पुरीम् ॥१६॥

16. śaṅkhabherīninādaistairghoṣayantaḥ svakarmabhiḥ ,
rākṣasāḥ krūrakarmāṇaścārayanti sma tāṃ purīm.

16. śaṅkhabherīninādaiḥ taiḥ ghoṣayantaḥ svakarmabhiḥ
rākṣasāḥ krūrakarmāṇaḥ cārayanti sma tām purīm

16. krūrakarmāṇaḥ rākṣasāḥ śaṅkhabherīninādaiḥ taiḥ
svakarmabhiḥ ghoṣayantaḥ tām purīm cārayanti sma

16. The rākṣasas, who performed cruel deeds, paraded him through that city (purīm), loudly proclaiming their own actions (karma) with the sounds of conches and kettle-drums.

Words meanings summery:

• शङ्खभेरीनिनादैः (śaṅkhabherīninādaiḥ) - with the sounds of conches and kettle-drums

• तैः (taiḥ) - by those sounds (by them, with them)

• घोषयन्तः (ghoṣayantaḥ) - proclaiming, causing to sound

• स्वकर्मभिः (svakarmabhiḥ) - by their own deeds/actions

• राक्षसाः (rākṣasāḥ) - the rākṣasas (demons)

• क्रूरकर्माणः (krūrakarmāṇaḥ) - of cruel deeds, cruel-doers

• चारयन्ति (cārayanti) - they cause to move, they parade, they lead around

• स्म (sma) - (particle used with present tense verbs to denote past action)

• ताम् (tām) - that city (that)

• पुरीम् (purīm) - the city of Lankā (city)

Words meanings and morphology

शङ्खभेरीनिनादैः (śaṅkhabherīninādaiḥ) - with the sounds of conches and kettle-drums

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of śaṅkhabherīnināda

śaṅkhabherīnināda - sound of conches and kettle-drums

Compound type : dvandva-tatpurusha (śaṅkha+bherī+nināda)

• śaṅkha – conch-shell, conch
  noun (masculine)
• bherī – kettle-drum, drum
  noun (feminine)
• nināda – sound, noise, roar
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root nad with prefix ni
  Prefix: ni
  Root: nad (class 1)

तैः (taiḥ) - by those sounds (by them, with them)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

घोषयन्तः (ghoṣayantaḥ) - proclaiming, causing to sound

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of ghoṣayat

ghoṣayat - proclaiming, causing to be heard, shouting

Present Active Participle (Causative)

Present active participle of the causative verb ghoṣayati

Root: ghuṣ (class 1)

स्वकर्मभिः (svakarmabhiḥ) - by their own deeds/actions

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, plural of svakarman

svakarman - one's own action (karma), one's own duty

Compound type : tatpurusha (sva+karman)

• sva – own, one's own
  pronoun
• karman – action, deed, work, ritual action (karma)
  noun (neuter)
  Derived from root kṛ
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

राक्षसाः (rākṣasāḥ) - the rākṣasas (demons)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of rākṣasa

rākṣasa - rākṣasa (a class of mythological beings, often demonic)

क्रूरकर्माणः (krūrakarmāṇaḥ) - of cruel deeds, cruel-doers

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of krūrakarman

krūrakarman - one whose actions (karma) are cruel, a cruel-doer

Compound type : bahuvrihi (krūra+karman)

• krūra – cruel, harsh, fierce, dreadful
  adjective
• karman – action, deed, work, ritual action (karma)
  noun (neuter)
  Derived from root kṛ
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

चारयन्ति (cārayanti) - they cause to move, they parade, they lead around

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, Present (Laṭ) of car

Causative

Causative form cārayati

Root: car (class 1)

स्म (sma) - (particle used with present tense verbs to denote past action)

(indeclinable)

ताम् (tām) - that city (that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

पुरीम् (purīm) - the city of Lankā (city)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of purī

purī - city, town, fortress

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