वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-5, chapter-51, verse-10

स भूयः संगतैः क्रूरै राकसैर्हरिसत्तमः ।
निबद्धः कृतवान् वीरस्तत्कालसदृशीं मतिम् ॥१०॥

10. sa bhūyaḥ saṃgataiḥ krūrai rākasairharisattamaḥ ,
nibaddhaḥ kṛtavān vīrastatkālasadṛśīṃ matim.

10. sa bhūyaḥ saṃgataiḥ krūraiḥ rākṣasaiḥ harisattamaḥ
nibaddhaḥ kṛtavān vīraḥ tatkālasadṛśīm matim

10. saḥ harisattamaḥ vīraḥ bhūyaḥ saṃgataiḥ krūraiḥ
rākṣasaiḥ nibaddhaḥ tatkālasadṛśīm matim kṛtavān

10. Although he, the supreme monkey (harisattama), was again bound by the cruel Rākṣasas, the hero devised a plan fitting for that very moment.

Words meanings summery:

• स (sa) - Hanuman (he, that one)

• भूयः (bhūyaḥ) - again (bound) (again, further, moreover)

• संगतैः (saṁgataiḥ) - by the assembled (Rākṣasas) (by the assembled, by the gathered)

• क्रूरैः (krūraiḥ) - by the cruel (Rākṣasas) (by the cruel, by the fierce)

• राक्षसैः (rākṣasaiḥ) - by the Rākṣasas (by the Rākṣasas, by the demons)

• हरिसत्तमः (harisattamaḥ) - Hanuman, the supreme monkey (the best among monkeys, supreme monkey)

• निबद्धः (nibaddhaḥ) - Hanuman being bound (bound, tied, restrained)

• कृतवान् (kṛtavān) - he formulated, he devised (he made, he did, he accomplished)

• वीरः (vīraḥ) - Hanuman, the hero (the hero, the brave one)

• तत्कालसदृशीम् (tatkālasadṛśīm) - a plan appropriate for the current difficult situation (appropriate to that moment, fitting for that time)

• मतिम् (matim) - a plan of action (thought, plan, intention, counsel)

Words meanings and morphology

स (sa) - Hanuman (he, that one)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to Hanuman.

भूयः (bhūyaḥ) - again (bound) (again, further, moreover)

(indeclinable)

Comparative form of `bahu` (much).

Note: Indicates a repeated action of being bound.

संगतैः (saṁgataiḥ) - by the assembled (Rākṣasas) (by the assembled, by the gathered)

(participle)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of saṃgata

saṁgata - assembled, met, joined, united, encountered

Past Passive Participle

Formed from the root `gam` (to go) with the prefix `sam`.

Prefix: sam

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Qualifies `rākṣasaiḥ`.

क्रूरैः (krūraiḥ) - by the cruel (Rākṣasas) (by the cruel, by the fierce)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of krūra

krūra - cruel, fierce, dreadful, harsh, violent

Note: Qualifies `rākṣasaiḥ`.

राक्षसैः (rākṣasaiḥ) - by the Rākṣasas (by the Rākṣasas, by the demons)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of rākṣasa

rākṣasa - Rākṣasa (a class of mythological beings), demon, fiend

Note: Agents of the binding.

हरिसत्तमः (harisattamaḥ) - Hanuman, the supreme monkey (the best among monkeys, supreme monkey)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of harisattama

harisattama - best of monkeys, most excellent monkey, supreme monkey

Compound of `hari` (monkey) and `sattama` (most excellent, best).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (hari+sattama)

• hari – monkey, ape
  noun (masculine)
• sattama – best, most excellent, supreme
  adjective
  Superlative suffix `tamap` applied to `sat` (good, excellent).

Note: Qualifies Hanuman, emphasizing his preeminence among monkeys.

निबद्धः (nibaddhaḥ) - Hanuman being bound (bound, tied, restrained)

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nibaddha

nibaddha - bound, tied, fastened, fixed, restrained, composed

Past Passive Participle

Formed from the root `bandh` (to bind) with the prefix `ni`.

Prefix: ni

Root: bandh (class 9)

Note: Qualifies Hanuman, describing his state.

कृतवान् (kṛtavān) - he formulated, he devised (he made, he did, he accomplished)

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kṛtavat

kṛ - to do, to make, to perform, to create

Past Active Participle (Kvatū/Kvasu)

Formed from the root `kṛ` (8th conjugation) with the `kvatū` suffix, functioning as a finite verb in narrative past.

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Main verb of the sentence. Subject is Hanuman (implied by `sa` and `vīraḥ`).

वीरः (vīraḥ) - Hanuman, the hero (the hero, the brave one)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vīra

vīra - hero, brave man, warrior, champion

Note: Appositive to the implied subject, Hanuman.

तत्कालसदृशीम् (tatkālasadṛśīm) - a plan appropriate for the current difficult situation (appropriate to that moment, fitting for that time)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of tatkālasadṛśī

tatkālasadṛśa - similar to that time, suitable for that occasion, timely, opportune

Feminine form of `tatkālasadṛśa`.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (tad+kāla+sadṛśa)

• tad – that, that one
  pronoun
• kāla – time, moment, season
  noun (masculine)
• sadṛśa – similar, like, resembling, fitting, appropriate
  adjective

Note: Qualifies `matim`.

मतिम् (matim) - a plan of action (thought, plan, intention, counsel)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of mati

mati - thought, mind, understanding, intelligence, intention, plan, opinion

Derived from the root `man` (to think, to understand).

Root: man (class 4)

Note: Direct object of `kṛtavān`.

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