वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-5, chapter-51, verse-13

लङ्का चरयितव्या मे पुनरेव भवेदिति ।
रात्रौ न हि सुदृष्टा मे दुर्गकर्मविधानतः ।
अवश्यमेव द्रष्टव्या मया लङ्का निशाक्षये ॥१३॥

13. laṅkā carayitavyā me punareva bhavediti ,
rātrau na hi sudṛṣṭā me durgakarmavidhānataḥ ,
avaśyameva draṣṭavyā mayā laṅkā niśākṣaye.

13. laṅkā carayitavyā me punaḥ eva
bhavet iti rātrau na hi sudṛṣṭā me
durgakarmavidhānataḥ avaśyam
eva draṣṭavyā mayā laṅkā niśākṣaye

13. laṅkā me punaḥ eva carayitavyā
bhavet iti rātrau durgakarmavidhānataḥ
hi me na sudṛṣṭā niśākṣaye
mayā laṅkā avaśyam eva draṣṭavyā

13. Lankā must be thoroughly surveyed by me once again, so that it might be [fully understood]. At night, due to the layout of its fortifications, it was not well-seen by me. Therefore, Lankā must certainly be observed by me at the end of the night (dawn).

Words meanings summery:

• लङ्का (laṅkā) - Lankā (name of a city)

• चरयितव्या (carayitavyā) - must be surveyed (by me) (to be surveyed, to be explored, to be caused to move about)

• मे (me) - by me (agent of gerundive) (to me, for me, my, by me)

• पुनः (punaḥ) - again, back, furthermore

• एव (eva) - indeed, certainly, only, just

• भवेत् (bhavet) - it might be, it should be, it would be

• इति (iti) - indicating purpose or result: 'so that it might be [thoroughly surveyed]' (thus, so, in this way, (marks end of quotation/purpose))

• रात्रौ (rātrau) - at night, in the night

• न (na) - not, no

• हि (hi) - because (explaining why it wasn't well-seen) (indeed, because, for)

• सुदृष्टा (sudṛṣṭā) - well seen, clearly observed

• मे (me) - by me (agent of passive construction) (to me, for me, my, by me)

• दुर्गकर्मविधानतः (durgakarmavidhānataḥ) - from/due to the arrangement of fortifications

• अवश्यम् (avaśyam) - certainly, necessarily, inevitably

• एव (eva) - indeed, certainly, only, just

• द्रष्टव्या (draṣṭavyā) - to be seen, must be seen

• मया (mayā) - by me

• लङ्का (laṅkā) - Lankā (name of a city)

• निशाक्षये (niśākṣaye) - at the end of the night, at dawn

Words meanings and morphology

लङ्का (laṅkā) - Lankā (name of a city)

(proper noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of laṅkā

laṅkā - Lankā (capital city of the Rākṣasas in Rāmāyaṇa)

चरयितव्या (carayitavyā) - must be surveyed (by me) (to be surveyed, to be explored, to be caused to move about)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of cārayitavya

cārayitavya - to be surveyed, to be explored, to be caused to wander

Gerundive (Future Passive Participle)

Causative of root car (to move, wander, go), formed with -tavya suffix, declined as an adjective.

Root: car (class 1)

मे (me) - by me (agent of gerundive) (to me, for me, my, by me)

(pronoun)

singular of asmad

asmad - I, me

पुनः (punaḥ) - again, back, furthermore

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - indeed, certainly, only, just

(indeclinable)

भवेत् (bhavet) - it might be, it should be, it would be

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhi-liṅ) of bhū

Root: bhū (class 1)

इति (iti) - indicating purpose or result: 'so that it might be [thoroughly surveyed]' (thus, so, in this way, (marks end of quotation/purpose))

(indeclinable)

रात्रौ (rātrau) - at night, in the night

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of rātri

rātri - night

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

हि (hi) - because (explaining why it wasn't well-seen) (indeed, because, for)

(indeclinable)

सुदृष्टा (sudṛṣṭā) - well seen, clearly observed

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of sudṛṣṭa

sudṛṣṭa - well seen, clearly observed

Past Passive Participle (adjectival use)

Formed from root dṛś (to see) with prefix su- (well), -ta suffix, declined as an adjective.

Prefix: su

Root: dṛś (class 1)

मे (me) - by me (agent of passive construction) (to me, for me, my, by me)

(pronoun)

singular of asmad

asmad - I, me

दुर्गकर्मविधानतः (durgakarmavidhānataḥ) - from/due to the arrangement of fortifications

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of durgakarmavidhāna

durgakarmavidhāna - arrangement/system of fortifications/defenses

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (durga+karma+vidhāna)

• durga – fort, fortress, difficult to access
  noun (neuter)
• karma – work, action, deed, construction
  noun (neuter)
  Derived from root kṛ (to do, make).
  Root: kṛ (class 8)
• vidhāna – arrangement, disposition, ordinance, system
  noun (neuter)
  Nominalization
  Derived from root dhā (to place, hold) with prefix vi-, suffix -ana.
  Prefix: vi
  Root: dhā (class 3)

Note: The -taḥ suffix indicates 'from' or 'due to'.

अवश्यम् (avaśyam) - certainly, necessarily, inevitably

(indeclinable)

Adverbial use of avaśya (inevitable).

एव (eva) - indeed, certainly, only, just

(indeclinable)

द्रष्टव्या (draṣṭavyā) - to be seen, must be seen

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of draṣṭavya

draṣṭavya - to be seen, perceptible

Gerundive (Future Passive Participle)

Formed from root dṛś (to see) with -tavya suffix, declined as an adjective.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

मया (mayā) - by me

(pronoun)

Instrumental, singular of asmad

asmad - I, me

लङ्का (laṅkā) - Lankā (name of a city)

(proper noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of laṅkā

laṅkā - Lankā (capital city of the Rākṣasas in Rāmāyaṇa)

निशाक्षये (niśākṣaye) - at the end of the night, at dawn

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of niśākṣaya

niśākṣaya - end of night, dawn

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (niśā+kṣaya)

• niśā – night
  noun (feminine)
• kṣaya – end, destruction, decay, loss
  noun (masculine)
  Nominalization
  Derived from root kṣi (to decay, perish).
  Root: kṣi (class 1)

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