वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-4, chapter-65, verse-21

तावदापततस्तूर्णमन्तरिक्षं महाकपे ।
क्षिप्तमिन्द्रेण ते वज्रं क्रोधाविष्टेन धीमता ॥२१॥

21. tāvadāpatatastūrṇamantarikṣaṃ mahākape ,
kṣiptamindreṇa te vajraṃ krodhāviṣṭena dhīmatā.

21. tāvat āpatataḥ tūrṇam antarikṣam mahākape
kṣiptam indreṇa te vajram krodhāviṣṭena dhīmatā

21. Meanwhile, O great monkey, as you were swiftly flying through the sky, Indra, intelligent and overcome with rage, hurled his thunderbolt at you.

Words meanings summery:

• तावत् (tāvat) - meanwhile (so long, so far, meanwhile, until then)

• आपततः (āpatataḥ) - as you were flying (genitive of agent for participles can indicate the subject of the action) (while falling, while flying, of the one falling/flying)

• तूर्णम् (tūrṇam) - swiftly (swiftly, quickly, rapidly)

• अन्तरिक्षम् (antarikṣam) - the sky (sky, atmosphere, space)

• महाकपे (mahākape) - O great monkey! (addressing Hanuman) (O great monkey!)

• क्षिप्तम् (kṣiptam) - hurled (thrown, cast, hurled)

• इन्द्रेण (indreṇa) - by Indra

• ते (te) - at you (dative sense) (to you, your (enclitic form of yuṣmad))

• वज्रम् (vajram) - thunderbolt (thunderbolt, diamond)

• क्रोधाविष्टेन (krodhāviṣṭena) - by the one overcome with rage (by the one filled with anger, by the enraged one)

• धीमता (dhīmatā) - by the intelligent one (referring to Indra) (by the intelligent one, by the wise one)

Words meanings and morphology

तावत् (tāvat) - meanwhile (so long, so far, meanwhile, until then)

(indeclinable)

Note: Indicates concurrent action or duration

आपततः (āpatataḥ) - as you were flying (genitive of agent for participles can indicate the subject of the action) (while falling, while flying, of the one falling/flying)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of āpatat

āpatat - falling towards, flying towards, arriving

Present Active Participle

Derived from verb root pat (to fall/fly) with prefix ā.

Prefix: ā

Root: pat (class 1)

Note: Referring to Hanuman. Its genitive case often indicates the subject of a participle when the main verb has a different subject.

तूर्णम् (tūrṇam) - swiftly (swiftly, quickly, rapidly)

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverb modifying āpatataḥ

अन्तरिक्षम् (antarikṣam) - the sky (sky, atmosphere, space)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of antarikṣa

antarikṣa - sky, atmosphere, intermediate space

Note: Object of motion, 'flying into the sky'

महाकपे (mahākape) - O great monkey! (addressing Hanuman) (O great monkey!)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of mahākapi

mahākapi - great monkey

Compound type : Karmadhāraya (mahā+kapi)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective (feminine)
• kapi – monkey
  noun (masculine)

क्षिप्तम् (kṣiptam) - hurled (thrown, cast, hurled)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kṣipta

kṣipta - thrown, cast, hurled, sent

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root kṣip (to throw).

Root: kṣip (class 6)

Note: Main predicate for vajram

इन्द्रेण (indreṇa) - by Indra

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of indra

indra - Indra (king of gods), chief

Note: Agent of the action 'kṣiptam'

ते (te) - at you (dative sense) (to you, your (enclitic form of yuṣmad))

(pronoun)

Dative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

Note: Recipient of the action

वज्रम् (vajram) - thunderbolt (thunderbolt, diamond)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of vajra

vajra - thunderbolt (Indra's weapon), diamond

Note: Subject of the passive verb kṣiptam

क्रोधाविष्टेन (krodhāviṣṭena) - by the one overcome with rage (by the one filled with anger, by the enraged one)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of krodhāviṣṭa

krodhāviṣṭa - filled with anger, enraged, overcome with wrath

Past Passive Participle as part of a compound

Compound of krodha (anger) and āviṣṭa (entered, possessed, filled).

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (krodha+āviṣṭa)

• krodha – anger, wrath, rage
  noun (masculine)
• āviṣṭa – entered, possessed, filled with, overcome by
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root viś (to enter) with prefix ā.
  Prefix: ā
  Root: viś (class 6)

Note: Modifies indreṇa

धीमता (dhīmatā) - by the intelligent one (referring to Indra) (by the intelligent one, by the wise one)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of dhīmat

dhīmat - intelligent, wise, clever, sagacious

Derived from dhī (intellect) with suffix -mat.

Note: Modifies indreṇa