वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-4, chapter-40, verse-8

सहस्रशिरसं विन्ध्यं नानाद्रुमलतावृतम् ।
नर्मदां च नदीं दुर्गां महोरगनिषेविताम् ॥८॥

8. sahasraśirasaṃ vindhyaṃ nānādrumalatāvṛtam ,
narmadāṃ ca nadīṃ durgāṃ mahoraganiṣevitām.

8. sahasraśirasam vindhyam nānādrumalatāvṛtam
narmadām ca nadīm durgām mahoraganiṣevitām

8. sahasraśirasam nānādrumalatāvṛtam vindhyam
ca durgām mahoraganiṣevitām narmadām nadīm

8. Observe the Vindhya mountain range with its thousand peaks, covered with various trees and creepers; and the Narmada river, which is difficult to access and frequented by great serpents.

Words meanings summery:

• सहस्रशिरसम् (sahasraśirasam) - having a thousand heads or peaks

• विन्ध्यम् (vindhyam) - the Vindhya mountain range

• नानाद्रुमलतावृतम् (nānādrumalatāvṛtam) - covered with various trees and creepers

• नर्मदाम् (narmadām) - the Narmada (river)

• च (ca) - and

• नदीम् (nadīm) - river

• दुर्गाम् (durgām) - difficult to access, formidable

• महोरगनिषेविताम् (mahoraganiṣevitām) - frequented by great serpents

Words meanings and morphology

सहस्रशिरसम् (sahasraśirasam) - having a thousand heads or peaks

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of sahasraśiras

sahasraśiras - having a thousand heads; having a thousand peaks

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (sahasra+śiras)

• sahasra – thousand
  numeral (neuter)
• śiras – head, peak, summit
  noun (neuter)

Note: Qualifies 'vindhyam'.

विन्ध्यम् (vindhyam) - the Vindhya mountain range

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vindhya

vindhya - Vindhya (a mountain range in central India)

नानाद्रुमलतावृतम् (nānādrumalatāvṛtam) - covered with various trees and creepers

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of nānādrumalatāvṛta

nānādrumalatāvṛta - covered with various trees and creepers

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nānādrumalatā+āvṛta)

• nānādrumalatā – various trees and creepers
  noun (feminine)
• āvṛta – covered, surrounded, enclosed
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  derived from root vṛ (to cover) with prefix ā
  Prefix: ā
  Root: vṛ (class 5)

Note: Qualifies 'vindhyam'.

नर्मदाम् (narmadām) - the Narmada (river)

(proper noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of narmadā

narmadā - Narmada (a major river in central India)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

नदीम् (nadīm) - river

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of nadī

nadī - river, stream

Note: Appositional to 'narmadām'.

दुर्गाम् (durgām) - difficult to access, formidable

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of durga

durga - difficult of access, impenetrable, formidable

Prefix: dur

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'narmadām'/'nadīm'.

महोरगनिषेविताम् (mahoraganiṣevitām) - frequented by great serpents

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of mahoraganiṣevita

mahoraganiṣevita - frequented/inhabited by great serpents

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (mahoraga+niṣevita)

• mahoraga – great serpent
  noun (masculine)
• niṣevita – frequented, inhabited, served
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  derived from root sev (to frequent, serve) with prefix ni
  Prefix: ni
  Root: sev (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'narmadām'/'nadīm'.

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