वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-4, chapter-40, verse-12

अन्वीक्ष्य दण्डकारण्यं सपर्वतनदीगुहम् ।
नदीं गोदावरीं चैव सर्वमेवानुपश्यत ॥१२॥

12. anvīkṣya daṇḍakāraṇyaṃ saparvatanadīguham ,
nadīṃ godāvarīṃ caiva sarvamevānupaśyata.

12. anvīkṣya daṇḍakāraṇyam saparvatanadīguham
nadīm godāvarīm ca eva sarvam eva anupaśyata

12. anvīkṣya daṇḍakāraṇyam saparvatanadīguham ca
eva godāvarīm nadīm sarvam eva anupaśyata

12. You must thoroughly search the Daṇḍaka forest, which encompasses mountains, rivers, and caves. Similarly, you must observe the Godavari river, and indeed everything in that region.

Words meanings summery:

• अन्वीक्ष्य (anvīkṣya) - having thoroughly searched (having searched, having investigated, having seen)

• दण्डकारण्यम् (daṇḍakāraṇyam) - the Daṇḍaka forest

• सपर्वतनदीगुहम् (saparvatanadīguham) - encompassing mountains, rivers, and caves (describing the Daṇḍaka forest) (with mountains, rivers, and caves)

• नदीम् (nadīm) - the river (river)

• गोदावरीम् (godāvarīm) - the Godavari river

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• एव (eva) - indeed, even (indeed, just, only)

• सर्वम् (sarvam) - everything (in that region) (all, entire, everything)

• एव (eva) - indeed (indeed, just, only)

• अनुपश्यत (anupaśyata) - you (plural) should observe/examine (you should see, you should observe, you should examine)

Words meanings and morphology

अन्वीक्ष्य (anvīkṣya) - having thoroughly searched (having searched, having investigated, having seen)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

From root √īkṣ (to see) with prefix anu + vi

Prefixes: anu+vi

Root: īkṣ (class 1)

दण्डकारण्यम् (daṇḍakāraṇyam) - the Daṇḍaka forest

(proper noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of daṇḍakāraṇya

daṇḍakāraṇya - the Daṇḍaka forest (a specific forest)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (daṇḍaka+araṇya)

• daṇḍaka – a type of forest/region; name of a demon; name of a king
  proper noun (neuter)
• araṇya – forest, wilderness
  noun (neuter)

Note: Object of 'anvīkṣya' and 'anupaśyata'.

सपर्वतनदीगुहम् (saparvatanadīguham) - encompassing mountains, rivers, and caves (describing the Daṇḍaka forest) (with mountains, rivers, and caves)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of saparvatanadīguha

saparvatanadīguha - with mountains, rivers, and caves

Bahuvrīhi compound, 'sa' (with) + parvata (mountain) + nadī (river) + guhā (cave). Formed from 'saparvatanadīguham', accusative singular neuter, agreeing with 'daṇḍakāraṇyam'.

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (sa+parvata+nadī+guhā)

• sa – with, accompanied by
  indeclinable
  A prefix used to form bahuvrīhi compounds.
• parvata – mountain, hill
  noun (masculine)
• nadī – river
  noun (feminine)
• guhā – cave, cavern
  noun (feminine)

Note: Agrees with 'daṇḍakāraṇyam'.

नदीम् (nadīm) - the river (river)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of nadī

nadī - river

Note: Object of 'anupaśyata'.

गोदावरीम् (godāvarīm) - the Godavari river

(proper noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of godāvarī

godāvarī - the Godavari (a sacred river in India)

Note: Object of 'anupaśyata', in apposition to 'nadīm'.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - indeed, even (indeed, just, only)

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic particle.

सर्वम् (sarvam) - everything (in that region) (all, entire, everything)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole, entire

Note: Object of 'anupaśyata'.

एव (eva) - indeed (indeed, just, only)

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic particle.

अनुपश्यत (anupaśyata) - you (plural) should observe/examine (you should see, you should observe, you should examine)

(verb)

2nd person , plural, active, imperative (loṭ) of anupaśyat

Imperative, 2nd person plural

From root √dṛś (to see) with prefix anu, present stem 'paśya'.

Prefix: anu

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Refers to the observers (monkeys in the Ramayana context).

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