वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-4, chapter-40, verse-40

न तु तच्चन्दनं दृष्ट्वा स्प्रष्टव्यं च कदा चन ।
रोहिता नाम गन्धर्वा घोरा रक्षन्ति तद्वनम् ॥४०॥

40. na tu taccandanaṃ dṛṣṭvā spraṣṭavyaṃ ca kadā cana ,
rohitā nāma gandharvā ghorā rakṣanti tadvanam.

40. na tu tat candanam dṛṣṭvā spraṣṭavyam ca kadā cana
| rohitāḥ nāma gandharvāḥ ghorāḥ rakṣanti tat vanam

40. But that sandalwood must never be seen or touched. Fierce gandharvas (celestial musicians) named Rohita guard that forest.

Words meanings summery:

• न (na) - not, no

• तु (tu) - but, on the other hand, however

• तत् (tat) - that

• चन्दनम् (candanam) - sandalwood, sandalwood paste

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

• स्प्रष्टव्यम् (spraṣṭavyam) - to be touched, should be touched

• च (ca) - and, also

• कदा (kadā) - when? at any time

• चन (cana) - even, any

• रोहिताः (rohitāḥ) - Gandharvas named Rohita (Rohitas (a proper name, plural))

• नाम (nāma) - named, by name, indeed

• गन्धर्वाः (gandharvāḥ) - celestial musicians, gandharvas

• घोराः (ghorāḥ) - fierce, terrible, formidable

• रक्षन्ति (rakṣanti) - they protect, guard

• तत् (tat) - that

• वनम् (vanam) - forest, wood

Words meanings and morphology

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

तु (tu) - but, on the other hand, however

(indeclinable)

तत् (tat) - that

(pronoun)

neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, it

चन्दनम् (candanam) - sandalwood, sandalwood paste

(noun)

neuter, singular of candana

candana - sandalwood, sandalwood tree, sandalwood paste

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

(indeclinable)

absolutive (gerund)

Derived from root dṛś (to see) with suffix -tvā

Root: dṛś (class 1)

स्प्रष्टव्यम् (spraṣṭavyam) - to be touched, should be touched

(adjective)

neuter, singular of spraṣṭavya

spraṣṭavya - to be touched, touchable

gerundive

Derived from root spṛś (to touch) with suffix -tavya

Root: spṛś (class 6)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

कदा (kadā) - when? at any time

(indeclinable)

Note: Used with 'cana' to form an indefinite or negative meaning ('never').

चन (cana) - even, any

(indeclinable)

Note: Used with 'kadā' to form an indefinite or negative meaning ('never').

रोहिताः (rohitāḥ) - Gandharvas named Rohita (Rohitas (a proper name, plural))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of rohita

rohita - red, reddish; a proper name, name of a class of gandharvas

नाम (nāma) - named, by name, indeed

(indeclinable)

गन्धर्वाः (gandharvāḥ) - celestial musicians, gandharvas

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of gandharva

gandharva - celestial musician, a class of demigods, a Gandharva

घोराः (ghorāḥ) - fierce, terrible, formidable

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of ghora

ghora - terrible, formidable, dreadful, fierce

रक्षन्ति (rakṣanti) - they protect, guard

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of rakṣ

Present indicative active 3rd person plural

Root: rakṣ (class 1)

तत् (tat) - that

(pronoun)

neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, it

वनम् (vanam) - forest, wood

(noun)

neuter, singular of vana

vana - forest, wood, grove

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