वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-4, chapter-40, verse-30

न तं कृतघ्नाः पश्यन्ति न नृशंसा न नास्तिकाः ।
प्रणम्य शिरसा शैलं तं विमार्गत वानराः ॥३०॥

30. na taṃ kṛtaghnāḥ paśyanti na nṛśaṃsā na nāstikāḥ ,
praṇamya śirasā śailaṃ taṃ vimārgata vānarāḥ.

30. na tam kṛtaghnāḥ paśyanti na nṛśaṃsāḥ na nāstikāḥ
praṇamya śirasā śailam tam vimārgata vānarāḥ

30. The ungrateful, the cruel, and the atheists do not see it. Having bowed their heads to that mountain, the monkeys searched for it.

Words meanings summery:

• न (na) - not (not, nor)

• तम् (tam) - that (mountain) (him, that)

• कृतघ्नाः (kṛtaghnāḥ) - the ungrateful ones (ungrateful persons, betrayers)

• पश्यन्ति (paśyanti) - they (the ungrateful, cruel, atheists) do not see (they see, they behold)

• न (na) - nor (not, nor)

• नृशंसाः (nṛśaṁsāḥ) - the cruel ones (cruel persons, wicked ones)

• न (na) - nor (not, nor)

• नास्तिकाः (nāstikāḥ) - the atheists (atheists, nihilists, those who deny validity of Vedas/future life)

• प्रणम्य (praṇamya) - having bowed down with their heads (having bowed down, having saluted)

• शिरसा (śirasā) - with their heads (in reverence) (with the head)

• शैलम् (śailam) - the mountain (mountain, rock)

• तम् (tam) - that (mountain) (him, that)

• विमार्गत (vimārgata) - the monkeys searched for it (searched for, sought out)

• वानराः (vānarāḥ) - the monkeys (monkeys)

Words meanings and morphology

न (na) - not (not, nor)

(indeclinable)

Note: Negates the verb `paśyanti`.

तम् (tam) - that (mountain) (him, that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, it

Note: Object of `paśyanti`.

कृतघ्नाः (kṛtaghnāḥ) - the ungrateful ones (ungrateful persons, betrayers)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of kṛtaghna

kṛtaghna - ungrateful, unthankful, betrayer

Compound formed from kṛta (done, deed) and ghna (slayer, destroyer). One who destroys a good deed.

Compound type : tatpurusha (kṛta+ghna)

• kṛta – done, made, good deed
  noun (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root √kṛ (to do).
  Root: kṛ (class 8)
• ghna – slayer, destroyer, killing
  adjective (masculine)
  From root √han (to strike, kill).
  Root: han (class 2)

Note: Subject of `paśyanti`.

पश्यन्ति (paśyanti) - they (the ungrateful, cruel, atheists) do not see (they see, they behold)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of paś

Present Tense, Parasmaipada

Root √dṛś, with `paśya` as present stem.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

न (na) - nor (not, nor)

(indeclinable)

नृशंसाः (nṛśaṁsāḥ) - the cruel ones (cruel persons, wicked ones)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of nṛśaṃsa

nṛśaṁsa - cruel, wicked, atrocious

Note: Subject of implied `paśyanti`.

न (na) - nor (not, nor)

(indeclinable)

नास्तिकाः (nāstikāḥ) - the atheists (atheists, nihilists, those who deny validity of Vedas/future life)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of nāstika

nāstika - atheist, one who denies the authority of the Vedas or a future existence

From `nāsti` (is not) + `ka` (suffix).

Note: Subject of implied `paśyanti`.

प्रणम्य (praṇamya) - having bowed down with their heads (having bowed down, having saluted)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

From root √nam (to bend, bow) with prefix pra- and suffix -ya.

Prefix: pra

Root: nam (class 1)

शिरसा (śirasā) - with their heads (in reverence) (with the head)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of śiras

śiras - head

Note: Indicates the means of bowing.

शैलम् (śailam) - the mountain (mountain, rock)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of śaila

śaila - mountain, rock

Note: Object of `praṇamya` (to bow to the mountain).

तम् (tam) - that (mountain) (him, that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, it

Note: Object of `vimārgata`.

विमार्गत (vimārgata) - the monkeys searched for it (searched for, sought out)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, middle, past (luṅ) of vimārg

Aorist Tense, Ātmanepada (3rd Plural)

Derived from root √mārg (to seek) with prefix vi-.

Prefix: vi

Root: mārg (class 10)

Note: Subject is `vānarāḥ`.

वानराः (vānarāḥ) - the monkeys (monkeys)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vānara

vānara - monkey

Note: Subject of `vimārgata`.

Previous Verse Next Verse