वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-4, chapter-40, verse-36

तत्र भोगवती नाम सर्पाणामालयः पुरी ।
विशालरथ्या दुर्धर्षा सर्वतः परिरक्षिता ।
रक्षिता पन्नगैर्घोरैस्तीक्ष्णदंष्ट्रैर्महाविषैः ॥३६॥

36. tatra bhogavatī nāma sarpāṇāmālayaḥ purī ,
viśālarathyā durdharṣā sarvataḥ parirakṣitā ,
rakṣitā pannagairghoraistīkṣṇadaṃṣṭrairmahāviṣaiḥ.

36. tatra bhogavatī nāma sarpāṇām ālayaḥ
purī viśālarathyā durdharṣā
sarvataḥ parirakṣitā rakṣitā pannagaiḥ
ghoraiḥ tīkṣṇadaṃṣṭraiḥ mahāviṣaiḥ

36. tatra bhogavatī nāma purī sarpāṇām
ālayaḥ viśālarathyā durdharṣā
sarvataḥ parirakṣitā rakṣitā ghoraiḥ
tīkṣṇadaṃṣṭraiḥ mahāviṣaiḥ pannagaiḥ

36. There is a city named Bhogavati, the abode of serpents, with wide roads, impregnable, and well-protected from all sides. It is guarded by dreadful serpents with sharp fangs and potent venom.

Words meanings summery:

• तत्र (tatra) - in that (previously mentioned) place (there, in that place)

• भोगवती (bhogavatī) - the city named Bhogavati (possessed of enjoyment; name of a city)

• नाम (nāma) - named (by name, namely)

• सर्पाणाम् (sarpāṇām) - of (all) serpents (of serpents)

• आलयः (ālayaḥ) - abode (abode, dwelling, house)

• पुरी (purī) - city (city, town)

• विशालरथ्या (viśālarathyā) - with wide roads (referring to the city) (having wide roads)

• दुर्धर्षा (durdharṣā) - impregnable (difficult to assail, impregnable)

• सर्वतः (sarvataḥ) - from all sides (from all sides, everywhere)

• परिरक्षिता (parirakṣitā) - well-protected (well-protected, guarded all around)

• रक्षिता (rakṣitā) - protected (protected, guarded)

• पन्नगैः (pannagaiḥ) - by serpents (Nāgas) (by serpents)

• घोरैः (ghoraiḥ) - by dreadful (serpents) (by dreadful ones, terrible ones)

• तीक्ष्णदंष्ट्रैः (tīkṣṇadaṁṣṭraiḥ) - by sharp-fanged (serpents) (by sharp-fanged ones)

• महाविषैः (mahāviṣaiḥ) - by greatly venomous (serpents) (by greatly venomous ones)

Words meanings and morphology

तत्र (tatra) - in that (previously mentioned) place (there, in that place)

(indeclinable)

Derived from 'tad' (that) + 'tra' suffix (locative sense)

भोगवती (bhogavatī) - the city named Bhogavati (possessed of enjoyment; name of a city)

(proper noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of bhogavatī

bhogavatī - possessing enjoyment, prosperous; a specific city (capital of the Nāgas)

Feminine form of 'bhogavat' (possessing enjoyment/wealth)

नाम (nāma) - named (by name, namely)

(indeclinable)

सर्पाणाम् (sarpāṇām) - of (all) serpents (of serpents)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of sarpa

sarpa - serpent, snake

From root 'sṛp' (to creep)

Root: sṛp (class 1)

आलयः (ālayaḥ) - abode (abode, dwelling, house)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ālaya

ālaya - house, dwelling, abode, receptacle

From 'ā-lī' (to stick to, adhere), with 'ghañ' suffix

Prefix: ā

Root: lī (class 4)

पुरी (purī) - city (city, town)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of purī

purī - city, town, fortress

विशालरथ्या (viśālarathyā) - with wide roads (referring to the city) (having wide roads)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of viśālarathya

viśālarathya - having wide roads

Bahuvrihi compound 'viśāla' (wide) + 'rathyā' (road)

Compound type : bahuvrihi (viśāla+rathyā)

• viśāla – wide, extensive, large
  adjective (masculine)
• rathyā – street, road, highway
  noun (feminine)

Note: Qualifies 'purī'.

दुर्धर्षा (durdharṣā) - impregnable (difficult to assail, impregnable)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of durdharṣa

durdharṣa - difficult to overcome, irresistible, unassailable

gerundive (derived form)

Prefix 'dur' (difficult) + 'dharṣa' (to be dared, challenged); from root 'dhṛṣ'

Compound type : tatpurusha (dur+dhṛṣ)

• dur – bad, difficult, evil
  indeclinable
  Prefix
• dhṛṣa – dared, challenged, overcome (derived from root dhṛṣ)
  noun (masculine)
  From root 'dhṛṣ' (to be bold, dare)
  Root: dhṛṣ (class 5)

Note: Qualifies 'purī'.

सर्वतः (sarvataḥ) - from all sides (from all sides, everywhere)

(indeclinable)

Derived from 'sarva' (all) + 'tas' suffix (from, by way of)

परिरक्षिता (parirakṣitā) - well-protected (well-protected, guarded all around)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of parirakṣita

parirakṣita - protected, guarded, preserved

Past Passive Participle

From 'pari' (around) + root 'rakṣ' (to protect) + 'kta' suffix

Prefix: pari

Root: rakṣ (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'purī'.

रक्षिता (rakṣitā) - protected (protected, guarded)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of rakṣita

rakṣita - protected, guarded, preserved

Past Passive Participle

From root 'rakṣ' (to protect) + 'kta' suffix

Root: rakṣ (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'purī'.

पन्नगैः (pannagaiḥ) - by serpents (Nāgas) (by serpents)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of pannaga

pannaga - snake, serpent (one who moves with the belly)

Compound 'panna' (fallen, sunk) + 'ga' (going), referring to its movement

Compound type : upapada (panna+ga)

• panna – fallen, descended, sunk
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root 'pad' (to go, fall)
  Root: pad (class 4)
• ga – going, moving (agent noun)
  noun (masculine)
  From root 'gam' (to go) with 'ḍa' suffix
  Root: gam (class 1)

घोरैः (ghoraiḥ) - by dreadful (serpents) (by dreadful ones, terrible ones)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of ghora

ghora - dreadful, terrible, fierce, awful

Note: Qualifies 'pannagaiḥ'.

तीक्ष्णदंष्ट्रैः (tīkṣṇadaṁṣṭraiḥ) - by sharp-fanged (serpents) (by sharp-fanged ones)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of tīkṣṇadaṃṣṭra

tīkṣṇadaṁṣṭra - having sharp fangs

Bahuvrihi compound 'tīkṣṇa' (sharp) + 'daṃṣṭra' (fang)

Compound type : bahuvrihi (tīkṣṇa+daṃṣṭra)

• tīkṣṇa – sharp, keen, pungent
  adjective (masculine)
• daṃṣṭra – tusk, fang, large tooth
  noun (masculine)
  From root 'daṃś' (to bite)
  Root: daṃś (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'pannagaiḥ'.

महाविषैः (mahāviṣaiḥ) - by greatly venomous (serpents) (by greatly venomous ones)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of mahāviṣa

mahāviṣa - having great poison, very poisonous

Bahuvrihi compound 'mahā' (great) + 'viṣa' (poison)

Compound type : bahuvrihi (mahā+viṣa)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective (masculine)
• viṣa – poison, venom
  noun (neuter)

Note: Qualifies 'pannagaiḥ'.

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