वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-4, chapter-40, verse-42

अन्ते पृथिव्या दुर्धर्षास्तत्र स्वर्गजितः स्थिताः ।
ततः परं न वः सेव्यः पितृलोकः सुदारुणः ।
राजधानी यमस्यैषा कष्टेन तमसावृता ॥४२॥

42. ante pṛthivyā durdharṣāstatra svargajitaḥ sthitāḥ ,
tataḥ paraṃ na vaḥ sevyaḥ pitṛlokaḥ sudāruṇaḥ ,
rājadhānī yamasyaiṣā kaṣṭena tamasāvṛtā.

42. ante pṛthivyāḥ durdharṣāḥ tatra
svarga-jitaḥ sthitāḥ | tataḥ param na vaḥ
sevyaḥ pitṛ-lokaḥ su-dāruṇaḥ |
rājadhānī yamasya eṣā kaṣṭena tamasā āvṛtā

42. At the end of the earth, those unconquerable ones, who have conquered heaven, reside there. Beyond that, the very formidable realm of the ancestors (pitṛloka) should not be entered by you. This is Yama's capital, covered by severe darkness.

Words meanings summery:

• अन्ते (ante) - at the end, in the end, finally

• पृथिव्याः (pṛthivyāḥ) - of the earth

• दुर्धर्षाः (durdharṣāḥ) - unconquerable, invincible, formidable

• तत्र (tatra) - there, in that place

• स्वर्ग-जितः (svarga-jitaḥ) - those who have conquered heaven

• स्थिताः (sthitāḥ) - standing, situated, residing

• ततः (tataḥ) - beyond that (referring to the place) (from there, thence, then)

• परम् (param) - beyond (this point) (beyond, after, higher)

• न (na) - not, no

• वः (vaḥ) - by you (plural) (to you (plural), your)

• सेव्यः (sevyaḥ) - should be entered/traversed (in a prohibitive sense) (to be frequented, to be resorted to, to be served)

• पितृ-लोकः (pitṛ-lokaḥ) - the realm of ancestors (pitṛloka)

• सु-दारुणः (su-dāruṇaḥ) - very formidable, very terrible

• राजधानी (rājadhānī) - capital city

• यमस्य (yamasya) - of Yama (god of death)

• एषा (eṣā) - this (feminine)

• कष्टेन (kaṣṭena) - by severe (darkness) (with difficulty, with trouble, by severe)

• तमसा (tamasā) - by darkness

• आवृता (āvṛtā) - covered, surrounded, enveloped

Words meanings and morphology

अन्ते (ante) - at the end, in the end, finally

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of anta

anta - end, boundary, limit

पृथिव्याः (pṛthivyāḥ) - of the earth

(noun)

Genitive, feminine, singular of pṛthivī

pṛthivī - earth, ground

दुर्धर्षाः (durdharṣāḥ) - unconquerable, invincible, formidable

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of durdharṣa

durdharṣa - difficult to attack, formidable, unconquerable

Compound type : praadi-tatpuruṣa (dur+dharṣa)

• dur – bad, difficult, ill
  indeclinable
• dharṣa – daring, boldness, attack
  noun (masculine)
  From root dhṛṣ 'to be bold, dare'
  Root: dhṛṣ (class 5)

तत्र (tatra) - there, in that place

(indeclinable)

स्वर्ग-जितः (svarga-jitaḥ) - those who have conquered heaven

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of svarga-jit

svarga-jit - conqueror of heaven

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (svarga+jit)

• svarga – heaven, paradise
  noun (masculine)
• jit – conquering, victor
  adjective (masculine)
  Derived from root ji (to conquer)
  Root: ji (class 1)

स्थिताः (sthitāḥ) - standing, situated, residing

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sthita

sthita - standing, situated, residing, existing

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root sthā (to stand) with suffix -ta

Root: sthā (class 1)

ततः (tataḥ) - beyond that (referring to the place) (from there, thence, then)

(indeclinable)

परम् (param) - beyond (this point) (beyond, after, higher)

(indeclinable)

Note: Used adverbially here.

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

वः (vaḥ) - by you (plural) (to you (plural), your)

(pronoun)

plural of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

Note: Here functioning as instrumental agent 'by you' in a passive construction.

सेव्यः (sevyaḥ) - should be entered/traversed (in a prohibitive sense) (to be frequented, to be resorted to, to be served)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sevya

sevya - to be served, to be frequented, to be resorted to, to be visited

gerundive

Derived from root sev (to serve, frequent) with suffix -ya

Root: sev (class 1)

पितृ-लोकः (pitṛ-lokaḥ) - the realm of ancestors (pitṛloka)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pitṛ-loka

pitṛ-loka - world of the fathers/ancestors

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (pitṛ+loka)

• pitṛ – father, ancestor
  noun (masculine)
• loka – world, realm, people
  noun (masculine)

सु-दारुणः (su-dāruṇaḥ) - very formidable, very terrible

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of su-dāruṇa

su-dāruṇa - very dreadful, terrible, formidable

Compound type : karmadhāraya (su+dāruṇa)

• su – good, well, very
  indeclinable
• dāruṇa – terrible, harsh, cruel
  adjective (masculine)

राजधानी (rājadhānī) - capital city

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of rājadhānī

rājadhānī - royal residence, capital city

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (rājan+dhānī)

• rājan – king
  noun (masculine)
• dhānī – seat, abode, city
  noun (feminine)
  Derived from root dhā (to place, hold)
  Root: dhā (class 3)

यमस्य (yamasya) - of Yama (god of death)

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of yama

yama - Yama, god of death; restraint

एषा (eṣā) - this (feminine)

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of etad

etad - this, that

कष्टेन (kaṣṭena) - by severe (darkness) (with difficulty, with trouble, by severe)

(adjective)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of kaṣṭa

kaṣṭa - difficult, painful, severe, wretched

तमसा (tamasā) - by darkness

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of tamas

tamas - darkness, gloom, ignorance

आवृता (āvṛtā) - covered, surrounded, enveloped

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of āvṛta

āvṛta - covered, surrounded, enveloped

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root vṛ (to cover) with prefix ā- and suffix -ta

Prefix: ā

Root: vṛ (class 5)

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